1-9-12 Monday

PHYS/PATH

quiz: lewy bodies= Parkinson
plaques and tangles = Alzheimer
pain, vesicles along dermatome = herpes zoster aka shingles


meningitis: inflammation of meninges (arachnoid, cerebral spinal fluid)
fever, neck pain, bend knees, purple rash

bacteria- antibiotics, steroids; more severe, risk permanent damage, hearing, cognitive function

viral- supportive therapy; enteroviruses, herpes, others

increase pressure in brain, cranial nerves at risk
diagnosis: spinal tap
10day incubation with bact. and 3 wks if viral

passes by mucous secretions contaminated surfaces, oral-fecal
vaccine

Polio and postpolio syndrom (PPS); not common; infantile paralysis
digestive mucosa and anterior horn motor neurons
PPS: progressive mm weakness; 10-40 years later
oral-fecal, contaminated water
digestive
vaccine-one type weak other dead
salk is the inactive one
sabin is the weakend, with higher risk of infection


Anxiety Disorder- irrational fears, and controlling them. "am I safe?"
in women anxiety can be a sign of heart attack
limbic system- amygdala- history of fear response, and hippocampus - verbal memeroy
hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) imbalance- sympathetic and parasympathetic
fight/flight, HPA axis
lots of cortisol- breaks down body, weak connective tissue, suppressed immunity, shrink hippocampus
neurotransmitters- norepinephrine, GABA, serotonin
types: general anxiety disorder (GAD),
panic disorder- sympathetic reactions: increase heart rate, sweaty, dizzy, faint, impending doom,
acute and posttraumatic stress disorder (1m acute, 3+month post)
limbic system isn't processing well, constant F/F

obsessive compulsive disorder
unwelcome thoughts, effort to control them
common fear are: contamination, violence, being violent/sex act, ....

phobias


Attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder
neurobiochemical- difficult with mvmt
given Ritalin, an adrenaline, epinephrin
adrenial fatigue; inattentiveness, hyperactive, impulsive

Autism Spectrum disorder: basically, not firing on all cylinders; in own little world
-communication
-specific, predictable mvmt patters
-sensory prob.
-early childhood (3years)
theories? heavy metals, predisposition
S&S: major issues:
-deficit verbal/nonverbal communication
-prob social interactions
-repetitive behaviors, mvmts

types: autistic disorder, asperger syndrome (mild form)


Chemical Dependency: use, abuse, dependence
alcoholism, caffine
alcohol is super sugar, damages every tissue it touches
psychological: it feels good, build tolerence
S&S: craving, can't control etc., withdrawal problems, denial

digestive: gastritis, ulcers, liver damage, pancreatitis (#1 cause is alcohol)
cardiovascular: arrythmia, increase and decrease clotting
nervous:
immune system: decrease resistance, pneumonia
reproduction: decrease sex drive, ED,


Depression: genetic-neurochemical disorder requiring some environmental trigger whose characteristic manifestation is an inability to appreciate sunsets? (that can't be right)
imbalance of serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
HPA axis - adrenal stim
hormonal imbalance - progesterone, estrogen, endophins
atrophy in hippocampus, may be related to cortisol levels
cause: genetics, environment, personality, chronic illness
eating sleeping?

major depression- 6-18months
bipolar-manic depression
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
postpartum

SSRI-selective serotoin reuptake inhibitors: prozac, zoloft
SNRI: serotonin norepinephrin reuptake inhbitors

psychotherapy, light therapy, electric shock?, SAM-e, omega 3.....


Eating disorders
anorexia nervosa: self starvation
bulimia nervosa: normal or high calorie consumption, purging
(these 2 usually type A personality, athletes, power issues..)
binge eating: over eating without purging

complications: mental, emotional, physical
anorexia- bradycardia, hypotension, teeth damage/decay
bulimia- tooth erosion, esphogus prob.


Bells Palsy
**CN VII- facial nerve, mostly motor
preceded by herpes outbreak/cold
sudden onset
usually only one side of face

Cerebral Palsy
before, during, right after birth
damage to basal ganglia, cerebrum
spastic (one side hypertonic) CP is most common type

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) or (RSDS)
-hypersensitive nerves to pain
pain becomes self-fulfilling prophecy
burning pain at site
autonomic dysfunction
motor dysfunction


Spina Bifid: the bone didn't close
main risk factor- folate deficiency (pregnancy period)

occulta
meningocela
myelomeningoccele
complication hydrocephalus: water head


Spinal cord injury: self evident
concussion, contusion, compression, laceration, trasection
secondary: embolism due to bed rest, UTI


Stroke: heart attack in brain, blood vessel blockage or embolism, or hemorrhage (worst headache ever!)
blood on nerves
#3 cause of death - vascular issue, cardiovascular
most common CNS
O2 deprvation

TIA- transient ischemia attack, looks like stroke but temporary
aphysia- talk

Traumatic brain injuries: think of rebound injury sites too