1-16-12

PHYS/PATH

1- AP (action potential)
2- ACh in synapse (NMJ)
3- AP continues
4- ca released from sacroplasmic reticulum
5- ca causes troponin/tropomyosin to uncover binding site on actin
6- myosin binding head with ADP+P attaches to actin binding site
7- attaching causes ADP+P gets knocked off; explosion causes myosin head to bend
8- ATP enters the cell and binds to myosin head causing it to release from actin attaching causes ADP+P formation

myoglobin: 'back up' stones reserves of O2
Glycogen: 'starch in a plant' storage form of glucose
creatine phosphate: stores energy
mm contraction requires ATP oxidized in mm cells from o2, glucose or other usable nutrient

effects of exercise
increase balance, jt flex, mm size (hypertrophy), mm tissue, vasodilation, weight control, stronger bones, strengthen heart mm, breathing and respiratory efficiency.

mm contration
isotonic: no change in tension, mm length shortens, mvmt (lifting)
isometric: great increase in tension, mm length unchanged, no mvmt (pushing)

partial contraction: tonus
tendons to bone
prime movers and synergists
antagonists

lever-bone
fulcrum-joint
force-applied by mm
3classes of levers (3rd is most common in body)

mm physiology

PATHOLOGY SECTION

syndrome is collection of symptoms

Fibromyalgia: chronic pain in mm, tendon, etc.; tender points, chest sternum, back, trap; symmetric, main jts
fatigue, lack of sleep
85-90% in women
usually have autoimmune too
tender points-9 predictable pain, all quadrants
stiff after rest, poor stamina
complications- depression
tx- ed, meds
m- within tolerance, don't use tender points as trigger points, avoid ice,

Myofascial Pain Syndrome
-development of trigger points
men=women
knot or taut bands in mm
Tx. botox, acupuncture

Myositis Ossificans
-mm inflammation with bone formation
calcification of mm to bone
most common with injury
local contra
tx is rest

Shin Splints: umbrella term for variety of lower leg problems
S&S- mild to sever pain, mm contraction makes it worse
stress fracture-makes it worse overtime
Tx- decreased activity/rest, shoe change, hydrotherapy, steroid injection, surgery