11-28-11 Monday

Swedish class

quiz on Friday over precaution areas, back (T12 is kidney), neck (posterior and anterior triangle, foramen magnum). mm on back, belly sequence, low back issues: avoid gymnastics on hip on FOL


We also had Body Awareness and expect to present on your paper is you didn't in class.

The day finished with hot stone massage.

11-18-11 Friday

Swedish Massage Class

The main thing is we introduced a neck sequence




Anatomy

Occipitofrontalis (frontalis and occipitalis)
O: both- galea aponeurotica
I: frontalis- skin superior to eyebrows
occipitalis- superior nuchal line of occiput
A: frontalis- raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead
Occipitalis- ancor and retract galea posteriorly

Medial Pterygoid
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
b/l- elevate TMJ
protract TMJ

Lateral Pterygoid
O: superior head- infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
inferior head- lateral surface and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate TMJ to opposite side
b/l- protract TMJ

Longus Capitis
O: TP of c3-c6
I: inferior surface of occiput
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n to same side
rotate h/n to same side
b/l- flex head/neck

Longus Colli
O: bodies of c5-t3, TP of c3-c5
I: tubercles on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of c2-c4; TP c5-c6
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n same side
rotate h/n same side
b/l- flex h/n

Tongue:
-glossus mm (3) A: chew and swallow
-intrinsic mm (3) A: change shape for speech





Phys/Path


adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) form of energy in the body

Chemistry: science deals with composition and matter
3 matters: solids, liquids, gases

atoms!
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral/none type of charge) makes a nucleus
electrons are negative charge

balanced atoms have equal number of protons as electrons
atomic # is the number of protons

first shell of atom holds up to 2 electrons, 2nd holds up to 8

balance: how many electrons each shell holds

elements: single atom (ex. Oxygen- O)
molecule: 2 or more atoms (ex. O2, OH)
compound: 2 or more different atoms (ex. H2O, C6H12O6- glucose)

mixture: combo of 2 or more substances
solution: mixture where 1 substance dissolves in another
solvent: the substance that does the dissolving
solute: the substance that dissolves

H2O is universal solvent, it's relatively stable, intrical in body chemical reaction (p.22)
when solvent is water it is called aqueous

suspension: settles
colloid: doesn't settle, ex. cytoplasm, blood plasma

p.435 periodic table of element
column VIII is noble gases

Ion= charged atom/molecule
+Ion= cation
-Ion= anion


Ionic bond

covalent bond: sharing electrons

HW- review this material and read chapter 3

11-16-11 Wednesday

Phys/Path

Physiology is study of function of body

levels of organization (from simple to complex; know this in every fashion)
chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organs systems
body as a whole organism

Body systems:
protection, support, mvmt:
-integumentary (skin)
-skeletal
-mm
coordination and control:
-nervous system
-endocrine system
circulation:
-cardiovascular
-lymphatic
nutrition and fluid balance
-respiratory
-digestive
-urinary
production of offspring
-reproductive system

specialized groups of cells form tissue

metabolism:
anabolism is building phase
catabolism is break down phase

Homeostasis: body maintain balance
-fluid balance
-feedback loo[s: positive (product creates more stimulant for more produce) and negative (shuts off with end product) loop (neg is most common in body)

Directional terms - the only ones that were a little different than what we have learned is ventral for anterior and dorsa for posterior

ventral cavity - diaphragm divides thorax and abdomen cavity

Thoracic
-pericardial cavity
-pleural cavity (around lungs)
-mediastium: b/w the lungs

9 regions of the abdomen or the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

Metric system






Hydro


Primary vs. Secondary edema
mm threshold: the amount of stimulus needed to move mm
-increase w/ use of cold
-decrease w/ use of heat


Thermotherapy contraindications/precautions: heat exhaustion/stroke or pregnancy (submersion)

hydroculator pack is more intense and micropack is less intense

Tx protocol:
-health intake (temp trauma)
-palpate area
-est. ROM for area of Tx
-record pulse (count for 6sec and multiply by 10)
-M during Tx/ apply Tx to cl.
-never leave cl. during Tx position cl. to see face


standard app for heat 10-15min
careful application to chest (heart and lungs)
precaution areas- blood vessels
Conservative with neck Tx

Systemic App.
-steam room
-sauna
-hot tub

After 20min of local app. blood stops going to area (max rush of blood)
Therapeutic physiological effects last 30min to 1 hour


Contrast Therapy
*start cold and end cold


Zone Therapy
cold at site of swelling and hot at nearest proximal lymph basin

11-14-11 Monday

Swedish Massage

we have homework in the form of a handout

Comments on our log books:
-Tx goals: write which stroke you are using
-P. Suggested Tx Plan: what happens in next session
-HW: what they do and why


Body Awareness

All kinds of homework:
paragraph on clients breath and experience on working on client (this is the trade we did in class)
Due the 28th- PAPER, 1-2pages typed.
-reflect on experiences of where you are today from starting massage school (progress), this can be:
-on everyday life
-breath
-diet/life style
-habits (posture, body mechanics)
-awareness of self through mvmt experience in this class and testing of body

Due December 12th: watch video of you doing massage and write 1-2 paragraph on watching/observing yourself while you were giving a massage (this is a journal entry)



Anatomy

p.241- stapedius mm (ear)
arrector pili (skin=goose bumps)
p.242-3 synergist

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
O: sternal head- top of manubrium
clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
A: unilaterally- laterally flex head/neck same side
rotate head/neck opposite side
bilaterally- flex neck
assist elevate ribcage during inhalation
*carotid artery is deep and medial to SCM
*external jugular vein lies superficial to SCM


Scalenes (3) *brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through gap b/w anterior and middle scalene

Anterior Scalene
O: TP of c3-c6 (anterior tubercles)
I: 1st rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
flex head/neck

Middle Scalene
O: TP of c2-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 1sth rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation

Posterior Scalene
O: TP c6-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 2nd rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation

-scalene minimus: 40% of population has it

Masseter (strongest mm in body relative to size; mastication [chewing] possible board language)
O: Zygomatic arch
I: angle and ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (temporomandibular jt or TMJ)
may assist protraction of mandible

Temporalis
O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (tmj)
retract TMJ

Suprahyoids (3)

Geniohyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj

Mylodyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj

Stylohyoid
O: styloid process
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj


Digastric
O: mastoid process (deep to SCM and splenius capitis)
I: inferior border of mandible
A: hyoid fixed- depress tmj
mandible fixed- elevate hyoid bone
retract mandible

Infrahyoids (4)

Sternohyoid
O: top of manubrium
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Sternothyroid
O: top of manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Omohyoid
O: superior boarder of scapula
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage


Platysma (integumentary [spelling?] mm meaning it doesn't connect to bone)
O: fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
I: base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
A: assist depress tmj
tighten fascia of neck
draw down corner of mouth

11-11-11 Friday

Topography of head, neck, and face

Temporalis
Zygomatic arch - cheek bone
condyle of mandible
nasolabial fold
masseter
corner of mouth
sternocleidomastoid - SCM
trapezius
scalenes
clavicle
glabella
nasal ala
philtrum
base of the mandible
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
jugular notch

Anterior triangle: formed by SCM, base of mandible, and trachea. Contains: hyoid bone, thyroid gland, carotid artery, submandibular gland, and styloid process of te temoral bone.

Posterior triangle: formed by SCM, clavicle, and trpezius. Contains: brachial plexus and external jugular vein (plus other structures).

22 bones in skull: 8 cranial and 14 facial

8 cranial bones:
Ethmoid (can't access)
Frontal
Occiput
Parietal (2)
Sphenoid
Temporal (2)

between cranial bones are sutures


14 facial bones:
inferior nasal concha (2)
lacrimal (2)
mandible
maxilla (2)
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer
zygomatic (2)

11-9-11 Wednesday

oh my god did we do anything other than anatomy today?!

Anatomy

Flexor Carpi Radialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: flex wrist (radiocarpal)
abduct radiocarpal
may assist flex elbow (humeroulnar

Palmaris Longus
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: tense the palmar fascia
flex radiocarpal
may assist to flex humeroulnar jt

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O: humeral head- common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head- posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
I: pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
A: flex radiocarpal
adduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of radius
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 finger
A: flex 2-5
flex radiocarpal

Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O: anterior and medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
I: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2-5 fingers
A: flex 2-5 fingers
assist flex of radiocarpal

Pronator Teres
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
I: middle of lateral surface of radius
A: pronate forearm (radioulna jt)
assist to flex the humeroulna

Pronator Quadratus
O: medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
I: lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
A: pronate the radioulna jt

Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna
I: anterior, lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
A: supinate the radioulna jt

Long mm of thumb (4)

Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: base of first metacarpal
A: abduct thumb
extend thumb
abduct radiocarpal

Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: lbase of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c

Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalaanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c

Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
flex thumb
assist flex r/c


Short mm of thumb (4)

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: abduct thumb
assist in opposition of thumb

Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: superficial head- flexor retinaculum
deep head- trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
assist opposition of thumb

Opponens Pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium
I: entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
A: opposition of thumb at carpometacarpal jt

Adductor Pollicis (largest and strongest of short thumb mm)
O: capitate, second and third metacarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: adduct the thumb
assist flex thumb

Lumbricals of hand
O: surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendon
I: Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
A: extend the 2-5 fingers at the interphalangeal jt
flex 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal jt

Palmar Interossei
O: base of 1,2,4,5 metacarpals (no 3)
I: base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
A: adduct thumb, 2,4,5 fingers toward the 3rd finger
assist flex of 1,2,4,5 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist extend 1,2,4,5 at interphalangeal jt

Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent sides of all metacaarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of 2,3,4 and the extensor aponeurosis
A: abduct 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist flex 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assis extend 2,3,4 at interphalangeal jt

Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface
A: abduct 5th finger
assist in opposition of 5th toward 1st

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
A: flex 5th
assist opposition

Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
A: Opposition of 5th at carpometacarpal jt

Other structures:
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament - nurse maid elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament
Ulnar nerve "funny bone"
Olecranon bursa
Interosseous membrane
flexor and extensor retinaculum
radial and ulnar arteries

11-7-11 Monday

Forearm, hand, and bony landmarks (p. 108)
Thenar or pollicus (meat of the thumb) area

radius pivots around the unla
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges

Some Scaphoid
Lovers Lunate
Try Triquetrum
Positions Pisiform
That Trapezium
They Trapezoid
Can't Capitate
Handle Hamate


FOOSH (fall on out stretched hand)


Brachialis (deep to biceps)
O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus
I: Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
A: Flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)

Brachioradialis (only mm runs length of forearm but doesn't cross wrist jt; divides flexors and extensors)
O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: flex humeroulnar jt
assist pronate and supinate the forearm when these mvmts are resisted


Extensors of the wrist and fingers (4 of 'em)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of second metacarpal
A: extend wrist (radiocarpal jt)
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar

Extensor Carpi Radius Brevis
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal jt
adduct radiocarpal jt

Extensor Digitorum
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
A: extend 2-5th fingers (metacapophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
assist extend radiocarpal


*extensor tendons- lateral epicondylitis is tennis elbow (spelling is probably wrong)

Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
A: extend (weak) humeroulnar jt

Extensor Indicis
O: posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane (p.162)
I: tendon of extensor digiforum at the level of the second metacarpal
A: extend 2nd finger (metacarpophangeal)
adduct 2nd finger
may assist extend radiocarpal jt

11-4-11 Friday

Anatomy with Dr. Lou

There was some nutrition review (which I feel I didn't retain)
proteins are made up of amino acids
enzymes make processes happen in body
carbs = energy
fats are for the brain, protect organ, insulate, shock absorbers, hormones

80% of cholesterol is made by the body - 20% from foods
All of these are hormones:
vit d
cortisol
estrogen
testosterone
pregnenalone
DHEA
progesterone
aldosterone


things that damage tissue:
sugars and starches
chemicals
bad fats (trans .. . )
No love
smoking
food sensitivities, allergy


indicators of damage to vessel tissue:
-CRP
-homocysteine
-fibrinogen


HDL (high density lipoprotein) fat from body to liver
LDL (low density lipoprotein) fat from liver to body


Lots of things are needed to make the body's processing of things (Omega 3, 6, ... are the examples in class) to work.


Our topic switched to symbolism and Chinese medicine - very interesting!!!!
Yin and Yang characteristics
different organs and different times of day to do things.

11-2-11 Wednesday

Anatomy

Quiz questions involved:
-3 bones of shoulder: scapula, clavical, humerus
-anatomical name of shoulder jt: glenohumeral jt
-jt the trap acts on: scapulothoracic jt
-trap fiber rotate head and neck to the opposite side: upper fibers
-origin of deltoid: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula


Rotator Cuff mm (SITS)

Suprapinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: abducts glenohumeral
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotate g/h
adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Teres Minor
O: upper 2/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotate g/h
Adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotate g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity


Rhomboids (usually referred to singularly, not major and minor, because it is hard to differentiate)

Rhomboid Major
O: SP of T2-T5
I: Medial boarder of scapula b/w spine of scapula and inferior angle
A: adduct scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
elevate scapulothoracic jt
downwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt

Rhomboid minor
O: SP of C7-T1
I: upper portion of medial boarder of scapula across from spine of scapula
A: adduct scapulothoracic jt
elevate s/t
downwardly rotate s/t


Levator Scapula
O: TP C1-C4
I: medial boarder of scapula b/w superior angle and superior portion of spine of scap.
A: unilaterally
-elevate s/t
-downwardly rotate s/t
-laterally flex head and neck
-rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally
-extend head and neck

KNOW P. 242

Serratus Anterior
O: external surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
I: anterior surface of medial boarder of scapula
A: origin fixed
-abducts s/t
-upwardly rotates s/t
-depress the s/t
-hold medial boarder of scap. against rib cage
scapula fixed
-may elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Sternalis - 5% of population has it

Pectoralis major (3 segments: clavicular, sternal, and costal fibers)
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1-6 ribs
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: All fibers
-adduct g/h
-medially rotate g/h
-assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)
upper fibers (clavicular)
-flex g/h
-horizontally adduct g/h
lower fibers (costal)
-extend g/h

Pectoralis minor (deep to major and fibers are perpendicular too)
O: 3-5th ribs
I: medial surface of coracoid process
A: depress scapulothoracic jt
abduct s/t
downwardly rotate s/t
w/ scapula fixed- assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation

Subclavius
O: 1st rib and cartilage
I: inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle
A: depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly
elevate 1st rib (assist inhale)
stabilize sternoclavicular jt

Biceps Brachii
O: short head- coracoid process
long head- supraglenoid tubercle
I: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
A: flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)
supinate forearm (radioulnar jt)
flex glenohumeral jt

Triceps brachii (only mm on posterior arm)
O: long head- infraglenoid process
lateral head- posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
medial head- posterior surface of distal half of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
A: all heads- extend the humeroulnar jt
long head- extend g/h jt
- adduct the g/h jt

Coracobrachialis (armpit mm)
O: coracoid process
I: medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
A: flex glenohumeral jt
adduct g/h



Axilla (armpit)
-4 walls:
lateral wall= biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
posterior wall= subscapularis and latissimaus dorsi
anterior wall= pectoralis major
medial wall= rib cage and serratus anterior

-brachial artery
plexus of nerves, veins, arteries, lymphs

10-31-11 Monday

Anatomy

Shoulder and Arm
-Topographical Views
16 mm attach on scapula
3 bones make up the shoulder complex: clavicle, scapula, humerus
acromion of scapula
clavicle has acrominal and sternal ends

Deltoid (antagonist to itself)
O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: All fibers (anterior, middle, and posterior)- abduct glenohumeral jt
Anterior fibers- flex glenohumeral jt
medially rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally adduct glenohumeral jt
Posterior fibers- extend glenohumeral jt
laterally rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally abduct glenohumeral jt

Trapezius
O: external occipital protuberance (EOP), medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and SP of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A: upper fibers (descending)
-bilaterally- extend head and neck
-unilaterally- laterally flex head and neck to same side
rotate head and neck to opposite side (pushing)
elevate scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
middle fibers- adduct scapulothoracic jt
stabilize scapulothoracic jt
Lower fibers (ascending)
-depress scapulothoracic jt
-upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt

Latissimus Dorsi (broadest mm on back
O: inferior angle of scapula, SP of last six (t7-t12) thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and posterior iliac crest.
I: intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: extend glenohumeral jt
adduct glenohumeral jt
medially rotate g/h jt

Teres Major (complete synergist to Latissimus dorsi, Lat's little helper, hand cuff position)
O: inferior angle of lower 1/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
A: extend glenohumeral
adduct g/h
medially rotate g/h




Body Awareness H.W.- read chapter 9, write about 3pts from the chapter, bring workout close, and extra credit for journaling on breathing

10-26-11

Anatomy

Intercostals (mm b/w each rib-there's an external and an internal-fibers run perpendicular to each other)
O: inferior boarder of the rib above
I: superior boarder of the rib below
A: external- draws ribs superiorly (increase space and assist inhalation)
Internal- draw ribs inferiorly (decrease space assist exhale)

Serratus Posterior Superior
O: SP of C7-T3
I: posterior surface of 2-5th ribs
A: elevate ribs during inhalation

Serratus Posterior Inferior
O: SP of T12-L3
I: Posterior surface 9-12th ribs
A: depress ribs during exhalation

Intertransversarii
O and I:
cervical- spanning the TP of vertebrae C2-C7
lumbar- spanning TP L1-L5
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebrae column to same side
bilaterally- extend column

Interspinalis (deep to ligament)
O and I:
cervical- SP of C2-T3
lumbar- SP of T12-L5
A: extend vertebrae column

Ligamentum nuchae it spans external occipital protuberance to C7, it's fin like, an antigravity device

Supraspinous ligament- in thoracic and lumbar area

Abdominal aorta- deep to small intestine, lies on anterior surface of vert., 1" diameter.