PHYS/PATH
Fungal Infection
superficial fungal infection
mycosis, dermatophytosis, ringworm (no worms)
legions = tinea which means fungal infect
etiology: dermatophytes live dead skin cells, transmitted skin-skin
Signs and symptoms
tinea corporis is body ringworm
common and contagious
small, round, red, scaly, patch on trunk/extremities
scratch spreads
tinea capitis is head ringworm
itchy flaking looks like dandruff
tinea pedis is athlets foot
often b/w toes 3rd &4th digit
very common
burns, itches, oozing blisters
may spread to hands (tinea manus)
tinea cruris is jock itch
upper thigh to butt
can be internal
Tx: topical, oral, also treat shoes, gloves ect.
Prevent: avoid contact
M. local contra
Herpes Simplex virus
HSV-1 : mouth above waist
HSV-2 : genitals below waist
demographics 20-25% have type 2, 60-80% have type 1
etiology
oral, respiratory, mucous secretion
primary vs. recurrent herpes
virus never expelled
waits for trigger: sun, stress, pms, wedding pict. . .
communicability: virus is stable outside host
S&S
pain/tingle before out break
blister on red base
after scab, lesion less infect
2wks-1month
types: oral-cold sore; genital-genitals, thigh, butt, low back
complications
secondary bact. infect
increase risk of HIV
accelerates progress of HIV and AIDS
complicates vaginal births
Tx
antiviral suppress
no cure
isolate towels and bedding . . .
no sexual contact with lesions
keep healthy immune system
M. local contra
Impetigo: skin infect with staph or strep - face and head
S&S: imetigo contagissa
bullous impetigo
ecthyana?
Tx: antibiotic cream
Prevention: treat chapped skin, clean and cover
don't touch
M. systemic contra
Lice and Mites
Mites: sarcoptes scabiei
burrow under skin
cause lesions called scabies
poop/waste are irritant
spread skin to skin, clothes. lives days off host
S&S: trails left in skin, itch
Tx: pesticidal soap, wash clothes and stuff
M. systemic
lice: wingless insect
lives in head hair and sucks blood from scalp
saliva irritating
lay eggs called nits
S&S nits, base of hair
itch, mvmt on scalp
Tx: pesticidal shampoo
M. systemic
body lice: pediculus humanus humanus, closely related to head lice
Pubic lice: crabs, coarse body hair
Warts: benign growth; varieties of HPV, invades keratinocytes
etiology: HPV 100+ variants
common wars through skin contact
require repeated exposure, grows slowly
types: plantar, palmar plantar, cystic, butchers
plane or flat
molluscum contagissum- not HPV
genital, several varieties, can lead ot cervical cancer
Tx: benign neglect gone in 2yrs.
topical acid
liquid nitro
electrosurgery
garlic
duct tape
self fulfilling prophecy
M. local
Acne Rosacea: idiopathic chronic skin cond.
etiology: not sell understood, comes and goes, triggers can be sunlight...
S&S: 4 stages
facial flushing
vascular rosacea
Inflammatory rosacea- papales
rhinophyma
complications: damage cornea, self esteem, public perception
Tx: topical, oral, plastic surgery
M, local (face)
Acne Vulgaris: small bacterial infect. of face, neck, upper back
Demographics: teens 85%, 5% after 45yrs old
etiology: factor 1-testosterone
factor 2-bacteria
3-stress
4-liver congestion
5-hormonal imbalance
S&S: local pain
pimples
cyst
open comedones-black heads
closed comedones- white heads
Tx: avoid touch face, wash, meds, stuff for scars
M: local, consider water based instead of oil
Dermatitis/Eczema: skin inflammation by convention; not infectious
contact dermatitis: externally applied irritant or allergen
eczema: immune dyst. hypersensitive, expressed in skin
10-20% infants, 15 million U.S. adults
etiology: type I: reaction- hay fever, asthma
typeIV:
causes of eczema: fatty acid deficient, elevated immunoglobulin
trigger detergents
contact derm: allergens
S&S: atopic dermatitis
*nummular eczema
itchy, small circular lesions on legs and buttocks
looks like ringworm
S&S: contact derm: acute inflam at area of contact
stasis derm: bed sores- infected
compl. itch, scratch, 2nd infect
Tx: self care, avoid trigger
meds, topical and antihistamines
M. depends- local to systemic
Hives: urticaria- itch, swell, stress, allergy
acute hives
cholinergiz hive- hundred tiney wheels
physical hives: mechanic trigger
chronic: 6+ wks, idiopathic (don't heal)
S&S: red, itch,
Tx: antihist. topical
M. local- hypoallergenic lub.
*Psoriasis: chronic skin condition with acute episodes, pile up of excess skin
6-7 million, mostly whites
etiology: overactive T cells and chem
S&S: most common, raised pink, red patches with silvery scales
mild itchy
knees, elbows, scalp
can be wide spread
under nails (pitted)
[silver scales, pitted nails, on extensors (elbows)]
complicants: sever cracking- infect. psoriatic arthritis
Tx. topical
photo therapy
oral
no permanent sol.
vit D
M. avoid lesions, not contagious, not spread through M.
Skin Cancer: uncontrolled replication of cells, some local others metastasize
1 in 5 get skin cancer
1 million case/yr
110k are melanoma
mortality risk rising
common in people who:
sunburn
south or high altitude
immune suppressed
have had skin cancer
moles/atypical
toxic
etiology: *precancer lesion known as Actinic Keratosis*
S&S: some don't heal, brown red scaly lesions, squamous cell
Tx: liquid nitrogen, meds
M. local, make sure referred
**Basal Cell Carcinoma: most common type of skin cancer 75-90%
slow growing,
S&S: some don't heal, comes and goes same place
nodular BCC
pigmented
superficial
micronodule
morph_________
Tx: excision
M: local
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
affects beratinocytes
long sun exposure
doesn't heal/comes and goes
Tx: liquid nitrogen
shaved off in layers
M. depends on Tx
**Maligment melanoma
may develop in non sun areas
leading cause of skin cancer death
72% of skin cancer death
S&S starts with preexisting mole
A-asymmetrical
B-boarder
C-color
D-diameter
E-elevated
Tx: surgery, radiation
prevention: limit sun exposure, cover up, sunglasses
M. depends on Tx
Burns: injury destroys protein in skin
etiology: depends on depth and area
1st degree: epidermis, no blistering
2nd degree: edema, pain, inflammation, blistering, can scar
3rd degree: through dermis, destroys layers, whiteness, charring, leathering texture
Tx: 1-2nd: lotion, antibiotic cream, cold
3rd: cleansing, skin graft
M: local in acute, work w/in pain tolerance
Decubitus Ulcer: bed sores, pressure, no mobility
etiology: squeeze capilaries to death
S&S: change in skin temp., red, pain, itch,
Tx. topical
M. good prevention, local when compromised
Scar Tissue: new tissue to repair damage
etiology: after injury, inflammation, scabs- let fall off
S&S: hypertrophic-bulges
keloid, over flows area
Tx: cosmetic
M: post acute stages, watch for areas of numbness
Thursday, December 22, 2011
Monday, December 12, 2011
12-12-11 Monday
SWEDISH MASSAGE
We did our practicals!!!
Sign up for the pot luck on Friday (I should follow my own advice)
ANATOMY
Wednesday is the cadaver lab
Friday is the 150 question final
BODY AWARENESS
hopefully the video taping went through and Jodie and Jeffery will email us the footage. HW: write a journal entry on watching yourself, bring sheets for body mechanics test next class
Also, FEEDBACK sessions. . . sign up for them!
We did our practicals!!!
Sign up for the pot luck on Friday (I should follow my own advice)
ANATOMY
Wednesday is the cadaver lab
Friday is the 150 question final
BODY AWARENESS
hopefully the video taping went through and Jodie and Jeffery will email us the footage. HW: write a journal entry on watching yourself, bring sheets for body mechanics test next class
Also, FEEDBACK sessions. . . sign up for them!
12-9-11 Friday
SWEDISH M
There was info regarding the written comprehensive, but we got a handout with that stuff on it today so I won't write it out!
PHYS/PATH
for the test, focus on physiology over pathology
learn the prefix and suffix/ roots words. It'll help
ex. cyst: hollow organ
brady: slow
Infectious Agent: what can make you sick
1. Prions
-no DNA or RNA
-grow within CNS (central nervous system
-spread through eating brain of animal. ex- BSE (mad cow disease), Kuru (only in New Guinea)
2. Viruses
-packet DNA/RNA
-reprogram target cell to produce virus
-infected cell rupture, release viral copies
-cannot replicate outside of host
-many disintegrate outside host
-some are stable, especially herpes simplex, hep. B ...
3. Bacteria
-single cell microorganism
-can survive outside host
-not all pathogenic (bad); some good
-pathogenic bacteria attack cells, release toxic waste that damage cells
-antibiotics interfere with bacteria reproduction (slow growing less responsive)
-some bacteria have spore; tough waxy coat to protect bact.
TYPES OF BACTERIA
-cocci: spherical
-dipolcocci: 2
-staphylocci:
-streptococci: associated with systemic infection
-bacilli: elongated and rod shaped (spore form likely)
-spirochates: spiral
-microplasma: very tiny
4. Fungi
-yeasts and molds
-internal : assoc. with imbalance between yeast and bact.
-external : skin infection
5. Animal Parasites
-single cell or multicellular organism
-live in or on host
-can be vector for other diseases
-protozoa
-helminths and roundworm
-arthropods (head lice, mites)
-others (mosquitoes, tick, flea, dont' live on or in host but can spread disease)
know the definitions of these hygienic practices:
-antisepsis
-disinfect
-sterilization
-plain soap
-antimicrobial soap
-detergent
-alcohol based hand rub
-universal/standard precautions
Handwashing
work to preserve lipid layer,skin health
transit bact: superficial easy to remove
resident bact: deep, hard
30 sec. hand wash, liquid over bar soap
alcohol based: fast, doesn't remove dirt, moisturizing is important
take care of nails
care of surfaces: nothing one client touches directly/indirectly touches another client.
laundering, if bleach, thoroughly rinse.
Inflammatory process
-response to tissue damage or threat of invasion by antiagent
triggered by: physical trauma, invasion with foreign bodies, hormonal changes, autoimmune activity.
purpose:
-protect from pathogenic invasion
-limit range of contamination
-prepare damaged area for healing
Outcomes
-complete resolution with no scar tissue
-accumulation of scar tissue
-formation of cysts/abscesses
-chronic inflammation
Components of inflammation, vascular activity
1-vasoconstriction
protective response, short lived
2-vasodialation
chem. released by damaged endothelium and mast cells
increase permeability of capillaries
reinforce capillaries dilation
attract platelets
slow blood flow away from area
may last several minutes to hours to days
Components of inflammation, cellular activity
-many cells recruited to manage tissue dem. and contaminate risk with injury
-endothelial cells:
-release chem. to activate platelets, allow white blood cell to migrate out of capillaries
-proliferate to grow new capillary ---- in later stage
-platelets: become jagged and sticky, bond with plasma protein
White blood cell- several types
1. Granulocytes: smallest, fastest
-Neutrophilis first on scene for bact., infection, musculoskeletal injury
-Eosinophils: allergies and parasites
-Basophils: allergies, histamines releases
2. Mast Cells
-tissue vulnerable to injury
-release histamine to prolong inflammatory response
3. Monocytes and Macrophages (clean up crew)
-monocytes: large, mobile WBC
-can become permanently fixed macrophanges
4. Lymphocytes
-work with macrophytes to clean up debris; promote scar tissue, angiogenesis
5. Fibroblasts
-produce collagen, extracellular matrix (forming scar tissue)
-dran to local blood clots, may proliferate to form more scar tissue
Chemical mediators
-many sources of chem. mediators help coordinate cellular activity in plasma, mast cells ect.
stages of healing:
Acute
-damaged cells release chem
-edema develops
-platelets, early white bc arrive
-tissue exudate begins to form
-time, depends but 1-3days
Subacute (proliferative)
-cells accum. to fill damage area
-endothelial cell grow new capillary
-fibroblasts create collagen fibers
-slower white bc arrive to start clean up
-2-3 wks
Post acute (maturation)
-collagen denser: align according to force
Chronic inflammation
-pathogen/irratant not removed
-immune system continue to attack tissue
-mmskel. structure never regain fully
complications
-cyst, abscesses
-fistulas, sinuses
-tendinosis
-keloid scar
Signs/symp
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
dolor= pain
calor= heat
rubor= redness
tumor= swelling
functio laesa= loss of funct.
Chapter 2 Wer.- skin/ integumentary system
function
-insides from falling out
-protection
-homeostasis
-sensory envelope
-absorption
no massage over breaks in skin
lesion --- many kinds
Boils: local staphylococcal (staph) infection also called furuncles
-etiology:
a. staph A infect at sebaceous gland, hair shafts, or site of injury
b. staph A is aggressive, resistant, adaptalble (MRSA = methuillon-resistent staphylococcus aureas?)
c. most common at axilla, groin (hidrodenitis)
d. at buttocks- pilonidal cyst
signs and symptoms:
-large, obvious, painful infection, usually one at a time or small clusters; over larger area called folliculitis
-starts as hard red/pin bump, develops center of pus, may rupture, may penetrate deep layer of skin, can scar
treatment:
-antibiotic ointment, hot compress
-lance, drain boil
-oral too slow
-don't squeeze or pop
Prevention:
-don't share things- razor, towel
-observe hygienic pract.
M.:
not on site
Cellulitis: streptococcal (strep) infection of skin
-strep A: strep throat, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fascilitis, other .
etiology:
-strep gain access; portal of entry
-not always obvious
-toxins corrosive to cells
S&S:
-skin infection
-tender, red, swollen
-streaking toward lymph nodes
-face: rash across nose
-erysipdlas
Tx:
aggressive antibiotics
M:
no
There was info regarding the written comprehensive, but we got a handout with that stuff on it today so I won't write it out!
PHYS/PATH
for the test, focus on physiology over pathology
learn the prefix and suffix/ roots words. It'll help
ex. cyst: hollow organ
brady: slow
Infectious Agent: what can make you sick
1. Prions
-no DNA or RNA
-grow within CNS (central nervous system
-spread through eating brain of animal. ex- BSE (mad cow disease), Kuru (only in New Guinea)
2. Viruses
-packet DNA/RNA
-reprogram target cell to produce virus
-infected cell rupture, release viral copies
-cannot replicate outside of host
-many disintegrate outside host
-some are stable, especially herpes simplex, hep. B ...
3. Bacteria
-single cell microorganism
-can survive outside host
-not all pathogenic (bad); some good
-pathogenic bacteria attack cells, release toxic waste that damage cells
-antibiotics interfere with bacteria reproduction (slow growing less responsive)
-some bacteria have spore; tough waxy coat to protect bact.
TYPES OF BACTERIA
-cocci: spherical
-dipolcocci: 2
-staphylocci:
-streptococci: associated with systemic infection
-bacilli: elongated and rod shaped (spore form likely)
-spirochates: spiral
-microplasma: very tiny
4. Fungi
-yeasts and molds
-internal : assoc. with imbalance between yeast and bact.
-external : skin infection
5. Animal Parasites
-single cell or multicellular organism
-live in or on host
-can be vector for other diseases
-protozoa
-helminths and roundworm
-arthropods (head lice, mites)
-others (mosquitoes, tick, flea, dont' live on or in host but can spread disease)
know the definitions of these hygienic practices:
-antisepsis
-disinfect
-sterilization
-plain soap
-antimicrobial soap
-detergent
-alcohol based hand rub
-universal/standard precautions
Handwashing
work to preserve lipid layer,skin health
transit bact: superficial easy to remove
resident bact: deep, hard
30 sec. hand wash, liquid over bar soap
alcohol based: fast, doesn't remove dirt, moisturizing is important
take care of nails
care of surfaces: nothing one client touches directly/indirectly touches another client.
laundering, if bleach, thoroughly rinse.
Inflammatory process
-response to tissue damage or threat of invasion by antiagent
triggered by: physical trauma, invasion with foreign bodies, hormonal changes, autoimmune activity.
purpose:
-protect from pathogenic invasion
-limit range of contamination
-prepare damaged area for healing
Outcomes
-complete resolution with no scar tissue
-accumulation of scar tissue
-formation of cysts/abscesses
-chronic inflammation
Components of inflammation, vascular activity
1-vasoconstriction
protective response, short lived
2-vasodialation
chem. released by damaged endothelium and mast cells
increase permeability of capillaries
reinforce capillaries dilation
attract platelets
slow blood flow away from area
may last several minutes to hours to days
Components of inflammation, cellular activity
-many cells recruited to manage tissue dem. and contaminate risk with injury
-endothelial cells:
-release chem. to activate platelets, allow white blood cell to migrate out of capillaries
-proliferate to grow new capillary ---- in later stage
-platelets: become jagged and sticky, bond with plasma protein
White blood cell- several types
1. Granulocytes: smallest, fastest
-Neutrophilis first on scene for bact., infection, musculoskeletal injury
-Eosinophils: allergies and parasites
-Basophils: allergies, histamines releases
2. Mast Cells
-tissue vulnerable to injury
-release histamine to prolong inflammatory response
3. Monocytes and Macrophages (clean up crew)
-monocytes: large, mobile WBC
-can become permanently fixed macrophanges
4. Lymphocytes
-work with macrophytes to clean up debris; promote scar tissue, angiogenesis
5. Fibroblasts
-produce collagen, extracellular matrix (forming scar tissue)
-dran to local blood clots, may proliferate to form more scar tissue
Chemical mediators
-many sources of chem. mediators help coordinate cellular activity in plasma, mast cells ect.
stages of healing:
Acute
-damaged cells release chem
-edema develops
-platelets, early white bc arrive
-tissue exudate begins to form
-time, depends but 1-3days
Subacute (proliferative)
-cells accum. to fill damage area
-endothelial cell grow new capillary
-fibroblasts create collagen fibers
-slower white bc arrive to start clean up
-2-3 wks
Post acute (maturation)
-collagen denser: align according to force
Chronic inflammation
-pathogen/irratant not removed
-immune system continue to attack tissue
-mmskel. structure never regain fully
complications
-cyst, abscesses
-fistulas, sinuses
-tendinosis
-keloid scar
Signs/symp
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
dolor= pain
calor= heat
rubor= redness
tumor= swelling
functio laesa= loss of funct.
Chapter 2 Wer.- skin/ integumentary system
function
-insides from falling out
-protection
-homeostasis
-sensory envelope
-absorption
no massage over breaks in skin
lesion --- many kinds
Boils: local staphylococcal (staph) infection also called furuncles
-etiology:
a. staph A infect at sebaceous gland, hair shafts, or site of injury
b. staph A is aggressive, resistant, adaptalble (MRSA = methuillon-resistent staphylococcus aureas?)
c. most common at axilla, groin (hidrodenitis)
d. at buttocks- pilonidal cyst
signs and symptoms:
-large, obvious, painful infection, usually one at a time or small clusters; over larger area called folliculitis
-starts as hard red/pin bump, develops center of pus, may rupture, may penetrate deep layer of skin, can scar
treatment:
-antibiotic ointment, hot compress
-lance, drain boil
-oral too slow
-don't squeeze or pop
Prevention:
-don't share things- razor, towel
-observe hygienic pract.
M.:
not on site
Cellulitis: streptococcal (strep) infection of skin
-strep A: strep throat, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fascilitis, other .
etiology:
-strep gain access; portal of entry
-not always obvious
-toxins corrosive to cells
S&S:
-skin infection
-tender, red, swollen
-streaking toward lymph nodes
-face: rash across nose
-erysipdlas
Tx:
aggressive antibiotics
M:
no
12-7-11 Wednesday
PHYS/PATH
back to dense connective tissue
Types
1. irregular: mostly collagen fibers in all different directions/random arrangements (ex. membranes, capsules, skin, fascia)
2. regular: mostly collagenous fibers in parallel alignment (ex. ligament, tendon. lined up in 1 direction with force in one direction)
3. elastic: elastic fibers (ex. vocal cords, blood vessel walls. rubber band)
collagen - protein
cartilage
-hyaline cartilage: ex. end of nose, trachea, end of long bone
-fibrocartilage: disc b/w vertebrae, knee jt, pubis symphasis)
-elastic: wind pipe, ears
chondrocytes: cless making protein for cartilage
Bone, or osseous, bone marrow
osteocytes: bone cells
osteoclast: break down of bone cells
fibrocytes: build cells in protein? making collagen
Muscle tissue- 3 types
1. Skeletal mm
-voluntary control
-striated
-long and thin
2.Cardiac mm (myocardium)
-involuntary
-intercolated disks (collagen that holds these cells together)
-short and fat fibers
-partially striated
3. Smooth mm (visceral)
-involuntary
-no intercalated disk
-no striation
Nervous System
-brain
-nerves
-spinal cord
Brain
-gray matter
-white matter: myelin coating covers axon
Ok, Dr. Lou drew a picture of a weird hand face thing that was supposed to be a nerve and the basic information I think I got out of it was this:
nerves only work in one direction and here is one of those directions:
stimuli occurs, then diedrites take info to the cell body, then the axon takes the info away from the cell body.
a nerve is a bunch of neurons
glial cells: protect the brain and axons
neuroglia: supporting nerves to do what they do, like an agent or manager
Membranes
-thin sheets of tissue, cover surface, divider, line hollow organ/body cavities, anchor organ, contain cells that secrete lubricants
Epithelial membrane (several types)
1. serous: slippery ones
2. mucous: produce mucus- mouth, nose, digestive tract
3. cutaneous: skin
Serous membrane (3 types)
a. pleurae: around lungs
b. serous pericardium: around heart
c. peritaneum: around abdominal organs and cavity
organization
-parietal layer: lining body cavity
-visceral layer: in contact with organs
Mucous Membrane
-vary in structure and function
-trap and remove foreign particles
-protect deeper tissue
-absorb food materials
Connective tissue
w/o epithilium
-synovial membrane
-meninges: around spinal cord and brain for protection
Fibrous bonds or sheets support and hold organs
-superficial (subcutaneous) fascia
-deep fascia
Membrane support organs
-fibrous pericardium
-periosteum
-perichondrium
Tissue and aging:
loss elasticity
skin
blood vessels
tendons and lig
bone
mm
Chapter 5 Skin and associated structure form integumentary system
Struct of skin
3 layers
1.epidermis (stratifed squemous)
2.Dermis: blood vessels, nerve endings, gland, dense irregular connective tissue
3.Subcutaneous: (hypodermis) adipose tissue, bigger vessels
(other things I have in margin: stratum basale cuboidal, dermal papills give finger prints)
Epidermis:
-top layer (germinativum)
-statum basale - cuboidal, base layer of epidermis
-stratum corneum- the very top layer of the top layer
keratin seems to be important; not sure what it is yet
langerhans are like cookie monster for debris
p.72 melanocytes
Dermis: has
-blood vessels
-nerves
-sweat gland
-oil gland
-hair
-dermal papillae
Subcutaneous layer
-loose connective tissue
-adipose
-blood vessels
-nerves and nerve ending
Accessory Structures
Sebaceous glands
-next to hair folical
-sebum: lubricates (through skin)
-vernix caseosa: white stuff on babies
-eye lubrication: tears
Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
-location: dermis and subcutaneous
-eccrine type sweat glands (mostly)
-apocrine (armpits)
-ceruminous gland (ear canal)
-ciliary (eye lid)
-mammary (breast/milk producing)
Hair
-composed mainly keratin and is not living
-hair follicles
-melanocytes - gives color
-arrector pili mm
Nail
-made of keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of epidermis
-nail root
-nail plate
-nail bed
-lunula
-cuticle
Function of skin (4 major ones)
-protection against infection
-protection against dehydration (drying out)
-regulation of body temp
-collection of sensory info
pacinian corpuscle: feels pressure (deep pressure)
meisner corpuscle: feels touch, vibration
Protection against infection
-intact skin forms primary barrier against invasion
-interlocking pattern resists penetration
-shedding removes bad things
-protects against bacterial toxin
-protects against some harmful environmental chemical
Protects against dehydration
-prevent evaporation
-keratin in epidermis
-sebum release from the sebaceous gland
Reg. body temp
-loss excess heat and protection from cold are important
-function of skin
-constriction of blood vessels
-dilation of blood vessels
-evaporation of perspiration
Collection of Sensory info
-free nerve endings
-touch receptors (meisner corpuscle)
-deep pressure receptor (pacinian corpuscle)
Other activities of the skin
-absorption - meds
-excretion of water, electrolyts, wastes
-manufacture of vitamin D
Skin color
-amount of pigment in epidermis
-*melanin
-*carotene
-blood in surface blood vessels
-composition of blood: oxygen, hemoglobin, other chemicals
Aging of integumentary
-skin
-tissue
-pigment
-hair
-sweat gland
-circulation
-fingernails and toes
Care of skin
-proper nutrition
-adequate circulation?
-regular cleansing: removes dirt and dead skin, sustains slighty acid environment to inhibit bacteria
-protect sunlight: exposure to UV light causes genetic mutation in skin that can lead to cancer, cause premature aging
back to dense connective tissue
Types
1. irregular: mostly collagen fibers in all different directions/random arrangements (ex. membranes, capsules, skin, fascia)
2. regular: mostly collagenous fibers in parallel alignment (ex. ligament, tendon. lined up in 1 direction with force in one direction)
3. elastic: elastic fibers (ex. vocal cords, blood vessel walls. rubber band)
collagen - protein
cartilage
-hyaline cartilage: ex. end of nose, trachea, end of long bone
-fibrocartilage: disc b/w vertebrae, knee jt, pubis symphasis)
-elastic: wind pipe, ears
chondrocytes: cless making protein for cartilage
Bone, or osseous, bone marrow
osteocytes: bone cells
osteoclast: break down of bone cells
fibrocytes: build cells in protein? making collagen
Muscle tissue- 3 types
1. Skeletal mm
-voluntary control
-striated
-long and thin
2.Cardiac mm (myocardium)
-involuntary
-intercolated disks (collagen that holds these cells together)
-short and fat fibers
-partially striated
3. Smooth mm (visceral)
-involuntary
-no intercalated disk
-no striation
Nervous System
-brain
-nerves
-spinal cord
Brain
-gray matter
-white matter: myelin coating covers axon
Ok, Dr. Lou drew a picture of a weird hand face thing that was supposed to be a nerve and the basic information I think I got out of it was this:
nerves only work in one direction and here is one of those directions:
stimuli occurs, then diedrites take info to the cell body, then the axon takes the info away from the cell body.
a nerve is a bunch of neurons
glial cells: protect the brain and axons
neuroglia: supporting nerves to do what they do, like an agent or manager
Membranes
-thin sheets of tissue, cover surface, divider, line hollow organ/body cavities, anchor organ, contain cells that secrete lubricants
Epithelial membrane (several types)
1. serous: slippery ones
2. mucous: produce mucus- mouth, nose, digestive tract
3. cutaneous: skin
Serous membrane (3 types)
a. pleurae: around lungs
b. serous pericardium: around heart
c. peritaneum: around abdominal organs and cavity
organization
-parietal layer: lining body cavity
-visceral layer: in contact with organs
Mucous Membrane
-vary in structure and function
-trap and remove foreign particles
-protect deeper tissue
-absorb food materials
Connective tissue
w/o epithilium
-synovial membrane
-meninges: around spinal cord and brain for protection
Fibrous bonds or sheets support and hold organs
-superficial (subcutaneous) fascia
-deep fascia
Membrane support organs
-fibrous pericardium
-periosteum
-perichondrium
Tissue and aging:
loss elasticity
skin
blood vessels
tendons and lig
bone
mm
Chapter 5 Skin and associated structure form integumentary system
Struct of skin
3 layers
1.epidermis (stratifed squemous)
2.Dermis: blood vessels, nerve endings, gland, dense irregular connective tissue
3.Subcutaneous: (hypodermis) adipose tissue, bigger vessels
(other things I have in margin: stratum basale cuboidal, dermal papills give finger prints)
Epidermis:
-top layer (germinativum)
-statum basale - cuboidal, base layer of epidermis
-stratum corneum- the very top layer of the top layer
keratin seems to be important; not sure what it is yet
langerhans are like cookie monster for debris
p.72 melanocytes
Dermis: has
-blood vessels
-nerves
-sweat gland
-oil gland
-hair
-dermal papillae
Subcutaneous layer
-loose connective tissue
-adipose
-blood vessels
-nerves and nerve ending
Accessory Structures
Sebaceous glands
-next to hair folical
-sebum: lubricates (through skin)
-vernix caseosa: white stuff on babies
-eye lubrication: tears
Sudoriferous (sweat) gland
-location: dermis and subcutaneous
-eccrine type sweat glands (mostly)
-apocrine (armpits)
-ceruminous gland (ear canal)
-ciliary (eye lid)
-mammary (breast/milk producing)
Hair
-composed mainly keratin and is not living
-hair follicles
-melanocytes - gives color
-arrector pili mm
Nail
-made of keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of epidermis
-nail root
-nail plate
-nail bed
-lunula
-cuticle
Function of skin (4 major ones)
-protection against infection
-protection against dehydration (drying out)
-regulation of body temp
-collection of sensory info
pacinian corpuscle: feels pressure (deep pressure)
meisner corpuscle: feels touch, vibration
Protection against infection
-intact skin forms primary barrier against invasion
-interlocking pattern resists penetration
-shedding removes bad things
-protects against bacterial toxin
-protects against some harmful environmental chemical
Protects against dehydration
-prevent evaporation
-keratin in epidermis
-sebum release from the sebaceous gland
Reg. body temp
-loss excess heat and protection from cold are important
-function of skin
-constriction of blood vessels
-dilation of blood vessels
-evaporation of perspiration
Collection of Sensory info
-free nerve endings
-touch receptors (meisner corpuscle)
-deep pressure receptor (pacinian corpuscle)
Other activities of the skin
-absorption - meds
-excretion of water, electrolyts, wastes
-manufacture of vitamin D
Skin color
-amount of pigment in epidermis
-*melanin
-*carotene
-blood in surface blood vessels
-composition of blood: oxygen, hemoglobin, other chemicals
Aging of integumentary
-skin
-tissue
-pigment
-hair
-sweat gland
-circulation
-fingernails and toes
Care of skin
-proper nutrition
-adequate circulation?
-regular cleansing: removes dirt and dead skin, sustains slighty acid environment to inhibit bacteria
-protect sunlight: exposure to UV light causes genetic mutation in skin that can lead to cancer, cause premature aging
12-5-11 Monday
Well, I'm late in posting for this day and everything we did this day has come pass. Example being the Swedish and Anatomy practical information was given these days and that's about it. Sorry while I play catch up on notes.
Saturday, December 3, 2011
12-2-11 Friday
SWEDISH
the quiz on monday will be bony landmarks, muscles, and sequence of the neck. 7 questions total
ANATOMY
there were some disturbing birthing videos of doctors pulling and twisting babies necks.
also:
1c. protein powder
1c. peanut butter
1/4c. oats
1/4c. honey
splash of vanilla
keep in freezer
PHYS/PATH
histology is the study of tissue
4 classifications/groups
-epithelial
-connective (including blood)
-mm (smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
-nervous
Epithelial
forms protective covering
main tissue of outer layer (skin...)
form membranes, ducts, lining body cavities and hollow organs
Structure classifications
by shape:
squamous: real thin, easy to get through. found in lungs, blood vessels, capillaries
cuboidal: square/cube shaped. found in glands such as: sweat, pancreas, thyroid, kidney
Columnar: hard to get through (filtration)
by arrangement:
simple: one layer
stratified: more than one layer
pseudostratified: 2 layers?
exception: transitional which is in the bladder mainly. It stretches and shrinks
special function of epithelial tissue
-traps foreign particles
mucus secreting (goblet) cells
cillia
-self repairs quickly
Glands
specialized to produce substance sent out to other parts of the body.
Exocrine gland- into/out of a duct
-single cell: goblet cell
-multiple cell: sweat gland
Endocrine- right into the blood, no tunnel or tube
-secrete hormones (to send text message) these are thyroid, adrenial, ovarine, testies . . .
another word for sweat glands___________?
glands are cuboidal in shape
Connective tissue
categorized by physical properties
-circulating connective: blood
-generalized: fascia
-structural: ligaments, cartilage, bone
Acellular matrix -- the matrix is protein (not sure what this means, but that goes without saying on most everything here. sorry)
Two forms-
Loose:
-areolar: light fascia around sweat gland
-adipose
Dense
the quiz on monday will be bony landmarks, muscles, and sequence of the neck. 7 questions total
ANATOMY
there were some disturbing birthing videos of doctors pulling and twisting babies necks.
also:
1c. protein powder
1c. peanut butter
1/4c. oats
1/4c. honey
splash of vanilla
keep in freezer
PHYS/PATH
histology is the study of tissue
4 classifications/groups
-epithelial
-connective (including blood)
-mm (smooth, cardiac, skeletal)
-nervous
Epithelial
forms protective covering
main tissue of outer layer (skin...)
form membranes, ducts, lining body cavities and hollow organs
Structure classifications
by shape:
squamous: real thin, easy to get through. found in lungs, blood vessels, capillaries
cuboidal: square/cube shaped. found in glands such as: sweat, pancreas, thyroid, kidney
Columnar: hard to get through (filtration)
by arrangement:
simple: one layer
stratified: more than one layer
pseudostratified: 2 layers?
exception: transitional which is in the bladder mainly. It stretches and shrinks
special function of epithelial tissue
-traps foreign particles
mucus secreting (goblet) cells
cillia
-self repairs quickly
Glands
specialized to produce substance sent out to other parts of the body.
Exocrine gland- into/out of a duct
-single cell: goblet cell
-multiple cell: sweat gland
Endocrine- right into the blood, no tunnel or tube
-secrete hormones (to send text message) these are thyroid, adrenial, ovarine, testies . . .
another word for sweat glands___________?
glands are cuboidal in shape
Connective tissue
categorized by physical properties
-circulating connective: blood
-generalized: fascia
-structural: ligaments, cartilage, bone
Acellular matrix -- the matrix is protein (not sure what this means, but that goes without saying on most everything here. sorry)
Two forms-
Loose:
-areolar: light fascia around sweat gland
-adipose
Dense
Thursday, December 1, 2011
11-30-11 Wednesday
Phys/Path
Review:
covalant bond is where the atoms share electrons
ionic bond is where atoms give/take electrons. The oppositely charged atoms pull together.
Acid gives H+ (hydrogen) when breaks apart- so, produces hydrogen
Base produces an OH group (hydroxide ion)
pH scale is used to measure acids and bases. 0 being acidic, 7 being neutral, 14 being basic
acid plus base = a salt plus water ex. HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H20
buffers are like sponges for H+ ions
electrolytes, lot are used as buffers, sodium, Cl, potassium
EKG (ECG)- measure electrical of heart
EEG - measure electrical of brain
isotopes have more neutron and have radioactivity (p. 26)
Chemistry of living matter
living matter contains 26 of 92 natural elements
96% of body weight is four elements
4% of body weight is 9 elements
.1% is 13 elements
*** organic compound, where organic means carbon based, are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen***
Macromolecules- carbohydrates, protein, amino acids
Carb- sugars
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
-glucose (body most concerned with this)
disaccharides
polysaccharides
-starch
-glycogen
Lipids - fats
triglycerides
-glycerol (glycerin)
phospholipids
steroids
-cholesterol
-steroid hormones
-sex hormones
Proteins- chains of amino acids
amino acids
enzymes: 1. made from protein, 2. speed up chemical reactions in the body that would take years to do, 3. reduce energy needed for reaction, 4. not used up in reaction, 5. specific- have 1 job to work on, 6. have a shape that brings together or separates substrates in the gap (?), 7. suffix of -ASE like lipase, prodiase, amalase.
-catalysts
-substrates
Chap. 3
Cell is basic unit of life, smaller than cell is not living
cytology is study of cells
microscopes: single, compound, transmission electron, scanning electrons
Organelles p. 38- study
DNA in nucleus
Plasma Membrane (the brain of the cell)
-encloses cell contents
-participates in cell activities
-bilayer shape
-phospholipid bilayer held together with cholesterol and has protein channels. The head of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.
the nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell
-chromosomes are DNA wound up.
cytoplasm- the jello
cytosol- the liquid part
mitochondria - the power house/ energy cell
Chromosome to Gene to DNA segment to nucleotide
DNA!
Bases are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) A-T, G-C
sugar (deoxyribose)
double strand
found in nucleus
RNA!
Bases are A,G,C, and urucil (U) A-U, G-C
sugar (ribose)
single strand
found in nucleus or cytoplasm (can leave the 'library')
roles of RNA
mRNA- transcription, actual photocopy, messenger
rRNA- translation, ribosmal, kitchen as in getting made
tRNA- translation, transport, the chef
transcription, make a copy in the nucleus
translation, make the protein in cytoplasm
codan 3 bases (3 letters together)
64 codan and 20 amino acids
amino acids chain gets added to as the code gets read and that makes protein
Cell Division
meiosis-sex cells, 23 chromosomes each, produces 4 cells
mitosis- somatic cells, 46 chromosomes each, produces 2 daughter cells
interphase is normal day to day for cell
mitosis cell is going to divide
-prophase: nuclear membrane disappears, chromosmes visible, centroles begin to separate, there are double the number of chromosomes
-metaphase: centroles on opposite sides of cell, chromosome pairs line up
-anaphase: the pairs are pulled apart
-telophase: membrane pinches forming 2 identical cells
chromosomes go from 46 to 92 to 2 sets of 46 and sex cells divide one more time to 4 sets of 23
movement of substance across plasma membrane depends on:
molecular size
solubility
electrical charge
Passive mvmt (transport) no energy spent
-diffusion: high to low consentration
-osmosis: diffusion but with water
-filtration: size
-facilitates diffusion: need protein channel to go through membrane
typically water follows salt
Active transport (takes energy)
-bulk transport or vesicular transport
-endocytosis out of cell into cell
phagocytosis (soild)
pinocytosis (liquid)
osmosis affects cells
isotonic - cells not affected
hypotonic: less salty, cells swell and may burst; in red cells it is called hemolysis
hypertonic: more salty, cells lose water and shrink; called crenation
Cell aging = damage and death
-free radicals
-enzyme injury
-gene alteration of mutation
-slowing cell activity
-apoptosis (cell death)
Review for Fri.
Chap 1
organization of big to small- chemical, cell, tissue....
ab in 4 or 9 sections
skin: integumentary
metabolism- catabolic, anabolic
inter/extra cellular
+/- feedback group
thorax cavity and the spaces b/w lungs
the cavities of the body
measurement values
Chap 2
structure of atom: proton, neutron, electron and their charges and locations
proton = atomic number
valance = outer shell
element to molecule to compound
water!
ATP is energy currency
mixture, solution, colloid (h20 solute is aqueous)
cation and anion
ionic vs. covalant
electrolytes
acid: H+, base: OH
organic is carbon based
characteristics of enzymes
Chap. 3
organells, p.38 and what they do
membrane
DNA, RNA
protein synth.
m/t/rRNA
mitosis vs. meiosis
p.47 different phases of cell division
active and passive
iso/hypo/hypertonic
ANATOMY
topography names
anterior and posterior triangles
bones in skull
p.236 the tmj and ear relation
SCM-external jugular vein, coratid artery and locations
3 scalens and brancis plexus and artery
masseter: strong primary for massication, it's action
temporalis
superhyoids
digastic
infrahyoids
platysma-integumentary
occipitofrontalis
pterygoids - tmj problems
longus capitis and colli
glossus and intrinsic mm of tongue.
MM facial expression (30)
mimetic mms: express emotion
smile takes 8 mm
frown takes 20 mm
MM of mouth (11) mimetric bilateral
Buccinator:
A: compress cheeks
tighten corner of lips and press cheeks against teeth, blowing up a balloon
Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO)
A: draw corner of mouth inferiorly and laterally- upside down clown smile
Depressor Labii Inferioris
A: depress corner of mouth protruding the lower lip
show bottom teeth
Levator Anguli Oris (LAO)
A: elevate corner of mouth, assist in smile, self confident
Levator Labii Superioris (LLS)
A: elevate and protrude upper lip, show gums (uppers), elvis lip curl
Mentalis (most medial)
A: elevate chin and protrude lower lip, pout then cry
Orbicularis Oris
A: close mouth and shape for speech, sphincter mm, pucker mm
7 primary facial expressions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise
Platysma...again
Risorius (to laugh)
pulls corners back, flat smile
Zygomaticus Major: genuine smile mm
corner mouth up and laterally. associated with joy, pleasure, laughter
Zygomaticus Minor:
grimace to smile range, elevate and protrudes upper lip
MM of nasal region (3)
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (LLSAN)
Flare nostril, elevate and protrude upper lip. look of disgust
Nasalis (2 part: transverse and alar portion)
trans: pull nose down.
alar: flare nostril
Procerus (angry 11?)
express concentration or perplexity. pulls skin b/w eyebrows down
MM of Eyes (2)
Corrugator Supercilii
draws eyebrows medial and inferior. can form wrinkles b/w eyebrows. expresses anger, worry, perplexion. frown
Orbicularis Oculi
sphincter mm.
outer fibers, orbital part, squeezes eyelid together (squinting)
inner fibers, palpebral part, involuntarily close eyelid during blinking and sleeping
Moving your eyeball: 6 mm
MM of scalp (5)
Occipitofrontalis- again
galea aponeurotica
Auricularis muscles
anterior
superior
posterior
theoretically moves the ear
Other structures
arteries, glands, nerves
parotid gland
submandibular gland
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
facial nerve
thyroid gland and cartilage
cricoid cartilage
trachea
uvula
c5 most commonly injured in whiplash
Review:
covalant bond is where the atoms share electrons
ionic bond is where atoms give/take electrons. The oppositely charged atoms pull together.
Acid gives H+ (hydrogen) when breaks apart- so, produces hydrogen
Base produces an OH group (hydroxide ion)
pH scale is used to measure acids and bases. 0 being acidic, 7 being neutral, 14 being basic
acid plus base = a salt plus water ex. HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H20
buffers are like sponges for H+ ions
electrolytes, lot are used as buffers, sodium, Cl, potassium
EKG (ECG)- measure electrical of heart
EEG - measure electrical of brain
isotopes have more neutron and have radioactivity (p. 26)
Chemistry of living matter
living matter contains 26 of 92 natural elements
96% of body weight is four elements
4% of body weight is 9 elements
.1% is 13 elements
*** organic compound, where organic means carbon based, are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen***
Macromolecules- carbohydrates, protein, amino acids
Carb- sugars
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
-glucose (body most concerned with this)
disaccharides
polysaccharides
-starch
-glycogen
Lipids - fats
triglycerides
-glycerol (glycerin)
phospholipids
steroids
-cholesterol
-steroid hormones
-sex hormones
Proteins- chains of amino acids
amino acids
enzymes: 1. made from protein, 2. speed up chemical reactions in the body that would take years to do, 3. reduce energy needed for reaction, 4. not used up in reaction, 5. specific- have 1 job to work on, 6. have a shape that brings together or separates substrates in the gap (?), 7. suffix of -ASE like lipase, prodiase, amalase.
-catalysts
-substrates
Chap. 3
Cell is basic unit of life, smaller than cell is not living
cytology is study of cells
microscopes: single, compound, transmission electron, scanning electrons
Organelles p. 38- study
DNA in nucleus
Plasma Membrane (the brain of the cell)
-encloses cell contents
-participates in cell activities
-bilayer shape
-phospholipid bilayer held together with cholesterol and has protein channels. The head of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.
the nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell
-chromosomes are DNA wound up.
cytoplasm- the jello
cytosol- the liquid part
mitochondria - the power house/ energy cell
Chromosome to Gene to DNA segment to nucleotide
DNA!
Bases are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) A-T, G-C
sugar (deoxyribose)
double strand
found in nucleus
RNA!
Bases are A,G,C, and urucil (U) A-U, G-C
sugar (ribose)
single strand
found in nucleus or cytoplasm (can leave the 'library')
roles of RNA
mRNA- transcription, actual photocopy, messenger
rRNA- translation, ribosmal, kitchen as in getting made
tRNA- translation, transport, the chef
transcription, make a copy in the nucleus
translation, make the protein in cytoplasm
codan 3 bases (3 letters together)
64 codan and 20 amino acids
amino acids chain gets added to as the code gets read and that makes protein
Cell Division
meiosis-sex cells, 23 chromosomes each, produces 4 cells
mitosis- somatic cells, 46 chromosomes each, produces 2 daughter cells
interphase is normal day to day for cell
mitosis cell is going to divide
-prophase: nuclear membrane disappears, chromosmes visible, centroles begin to separate, there are double the number of chromosomes
-metaphase: centroles on opposite sides of cell, chromosome pairs line up
-anaphase: the pairs are pulled apart
-telophase: membrane pinches forming 2 identical cells
chromosomes go from 46 to 92 to 2 sets of 46 and sex cells divide one more time to 4 sets of 23
movement of substance across plasma membrane depends on:
molecular size
solubility
electrical charge
Passive mvmt (transport) no energy spent
-diffusion: high to low consentration
-osmosis: diffusion but with water
-filtration: size
-facilitates diffusion: need protein channel to go through membrane
typically water follows salt
Active transport (takes energy)
-bulk transport or vesicular transport
-endocytosis out of cell into cell
phagocytosis (soild)
pinocytosis (liquid)
osmosis affects cells
isotonic - cells not affected
hypotonic: less salty, cells swell and may burst; in red cells it is called hemolysis
hypertonic: more salty, cells lose water and shrink; called crenation
Cell aging = damage and death
-free radicals
-enzyme injury
-gene alteration of mutation
-slowing cell activity
-apoptosis (cell death)
Review for Fri.
Chap 1
organization of big to small- chemical, cell, tissue....
ab in 4 or 9 sections
skin: integumentary
metabolism- catabolic, anabolic
inter/extra cellular
+/- feedback group
thorax cavity and the spaces b/w lungs
the cavities of the body
measurement values
Chap 2
structure of atom: proton, neutron, electron and their charges and locations
proton = atomic number
valance = outer shell
element to molecule to compound
water!
ATP is energy currency
mixture, solution, colloid (h20 solute is aqueous)
cation and anion
ionic vs. covalant
electrolytes
acid: H+, base: OH
organic is carbon based
characteristics of enzymes
Chap. 3
organells, p.38 and what they do
membrane
DNA, RNA
protein synth.
m/t/rRNA
mitosis vs. meiosis
p.47 different phases of cell division
active and passive
iso/hypo/hypertonic
ANATOMY
topography names
anterior and posterior triangles
bones in skull
p.236 the tmj and ear relation
SCM-external jugular vein, coratid artery and locations
3 scalens and brancis plexus and artery
masseter: strong primary for massication, it's action
temporalis
superhyoids
digastic
infrahyoids
platysma-integumentary
occipitofrontalis
pterygoids - tmj problems
longus capitis and colli
glossus and intrinsic mm of tongue.
MM facial expression (30)
mimetic mms: express emotion
smile takes 8 mm
frown takes 20 mm
MM of mouth (11) mimetric bilateral
Buccinator:
A: compress cheeks
tighten corner of lips and press cheeks against teeth, blowing up a balloon
Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO)
A: draw corner of mouth inferiorly and laterally- upside down clown smile
Depressor Labii Inferioris
A: depress corner of mouth protruding the lower lip
show bottom teeth
Levator Anguli Oris (LAO)
A: elevate corner of mouth, assist in smile, self confident
Levator Labii Superioris (LLS)
A: elevate and protrude upper lip, show gums (uppers), elvis lip curl
Mentalis (most medial)
A: elevate chin and protrude lower lip, pout then cry
Orbicularis Oris
A: close mouth and shape for speech, sphincter mm, pucker mm
7 primary facial expressions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise
Platysma...again
Risorius (to laugh)
pulls corners back, flat smile
Zygomaticus Major: genuine smile mm
corner mouth up and laterally. associated with joy, pleasure, laughter
Zygomaticus Minor:
grimace to smile range, elevate and protrudes upper lip
MM of nasal region (3)
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (LLSAN)
Flare nostril, elevate and protrude upper lip. look of disgust
Nasalis (2 part: transverse and alar portion)
trans: pull nose down.
alar: flare nostril
Procerus (angry 11?)
express concentration or perplexity. pulls skin b/w eyebrows down
MM of Eyes (2)
Corrugator Supercilii
draws eyebrows medial and inferior. can form wrinkles b/w eyebrows. expresses anger, worry, perplexion. frown
Orbicularis Oculi
sphincter mm.
outer fibers, orbital part, squeezes eyelid together (squinting)
inner fibers, palpebral part, involuntarily close eyelid during blinking and sleeping
Moving your eyeball: 6 mm
MM of scalp (5)
Occipitofrontalis- again
galea aponeurotica
Auricularis muscles
anterior
superior
posterior
theoretically moves the ear
Other structures
arteries, glands, nerves
parotid gland
submandibular gland
common carotid artery
superficial temporal artery
facial nerve
thyroid gland and cartilage
cricoid cartilage
trachea
uvula
c5 most commonly injured in whiplash
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
11-28-11 Monday
Swedish class
quiz on Friday over precaution areas, back (T12 is kidney), neck (posterior and anterior triangle, foramen magnum). mm on back, belly sequence, low back issues: avoid gymnastics on hip on FOL
We also had Body Awareness and expect to present on your paper is you didn't in class.
The day finished with hot stone massage.
quiz on Friday over precaution areas, back (T12 is kidney), neck (posterior and anterior triangle, foramen magnum). mm on back, belly sequence, low back issues: avoid gymnastics on hip on FOL
We also had Body Awareness and expect to present on your paper is you didn't in class.
The day finished with hot stone massage.
Monday, November 21, 2011
11-18-11 Friday
Swedish Massage Class
The main thing is we introduced a neck sequence
Anatomy
Occipitofrontalis (frontalis and occipitalis)
O: both- galea aponeurotica
I: frontalis- skin superior to eyebrows
occipitalis- superior nuchal line of occiput
A: frontalis- raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead
Occipitalis- ancor and retract galea posteriorly
Medial Pterygoid
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
b/l- elevate TMJ
protract TMJ
Lateral Pterygoid
O: superior head- infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
inferior head- lateral surface and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate TMJ to opposite side
b/l- protract TMJ
Longus Capitis
O: TP of c3-c6
I: inferior surface of occiput
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n to same side
rotate h/n to same side
b/l- flex head/neck
Longus Colli
O: bodies of c5-t3, TP of c3-c5
I: tubercles on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of c2-c4; TP c5-c6
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n same side
rotate h/n same side
b/l- flex h/n
Tongue:
-glossus mm (3) A: chew and swallow
-intrinsic mm (3) A: change shape for speech
Phys/Path
adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) form of energy in the body
Chemistry: science deals with composition and matter
3 matters: solids, liquids, gases
atoms!
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral/none type of charge) makes a nucleus
electrons are negative charge
balanced atoms have equal number of protons as electrons
atomic # is the number of protons
first shell of atom holds up to 2 electrons, 2nd holds up to 8
balance: how many electrons each shell holds
elements: single atom (ex. Oxygen- O)
molecule: 2 or more atoms (ex. O2, OH)
compound: 2 or more different atoms (ex. H2O, C6H12O6- glucose)
mixture: combo of 2 or more substances
solution: mixture where 1 substance dissolves in another
solvent: the substance that does the dissolving
solute: the substance that dissolves
H2O is universal solvent, it's relatively stable, intrical in body chemical reaction (p.22)
when solvent is water it is called aqueous
suspension: settles
colloid: doesn't settle, ex. cytoplasm, blood plasma
p.435 periodic table of element
column VIII is noble gases
Ion= charged atom/molecule
+Ion= cation
-Ion= anion
Ionic bond
covalent bond: sharing electrons
HW- review this material and read chapter 3
The main thing is we introduced a neck sequence
Anatomy
Occipitofrontalis (frontalis and occipitalis)
O: both- galea aponeurotica
I: frontalis- skin superior to eyebrows
occipitalis- superior nuchal line of occiput
A: frontalis- raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead
Occipitalis- ancor and retract galea posteriorly
Medial Pterygoid
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
I: medial surface of ramus of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
b/l- elevate TMJ
protract TMJ
Lateral Pterygoid
O: superior head- infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
inferior head- lateral surface and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
A: u/l- laterally deviate TMJ to opposite side
b/l- protract TMJ
Longus Capitis
O: TP of c3-c6
I: inferior surface of occiput
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n to same side
rotate h/n to same side
b/l- flex head/neck
Longus Colli
O: bodies of c5-t3, TP of c3-c5
I: tubercles on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of c2-c4; TP c5-c6
A: u/l- laterally flex h/n same side
rotate h/n same side
b/l- flex h/n
Tongue:
-glossus mm (3) A: chew and swallow
-intrinsic mm (3) A: change shape for speech
Phys/Path
adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) form of energy in the body
Chemistry: science deals with composition and matter
3 matters: solids, liquids, gases
atoms!
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral/none type of charge) makes a nucleus
electrons are negative charge
balanced atoms have equal number of protons as electrons
atomic # is the number of protons
first shell of atom holds up to 2 electrons, 2nd holds up to 8
balance: how many electrons each shell holds
elements: single atom (ex. Oxygen- O)
molecule: 2 or more atoms (ex. O2, OH)
compound: 2 or more different atoms (ex. H2O, C6H12O6- glucose)
mixture: combo of 2 or more substances
solution: mixture where 1 substance dissolves in another
solvent: the substance that does the dissolving
solute: the substance that dissolves
H2O is universal solvent, it's relatively stable, intrical in body chemical reaction (p.22)
when solvent is water it is called aqueous
suspension: settles
colloid: doesn't settle, ex. cytoplasm, blood plasma
p.435 periodic table of element
column VIII is noble gases
Ion= charged atom/molecule
+Ion= cation
-Ion= anion
Ionic bond
covalent bond: sharing electrons
HW- review this material and read chapter 3
11-16-11 Wednesday
Phys/Path
Physiology is study of function of body
levels of organization (from simple to complex; know this in every fashion)
chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organs systems
body as a whole organism
Body systems:
protection, support, mvmt:
-integumentary (skin)
-skeletal
-mm
coordination and control:
-nervous system
-endocrine system
circulation:
-cardiovascular
-lymphatic
nutrition and fluid balance
-respiratory
-digestive
-urinary
production of offspring
-reproductive system
specialized groups of cells form tissue
metabolism:
anabolism is building phase
catabolism is break down phase
Homeostasis: body maintain balance
-fluid balance
-feedback loo[s: positive (product creates more stimulant for more produce) and negative (shuts off with end product) loop (neg is most common in body)
Directional terms - the only ones that were a little different than what we have learned is ventral for anterior and dorsa for posterior
ventral cavity - diaphragm divides thorax and abdomen cavity
Thoracic
-pericardial cavity
-pleural cavity (around lungs)
-mediastium: b/w the lungs
9 regions of the abdomen or the 4 quadrants of the abdomen
Metric system
Hydro
Primary vs. Secondary edema
mm threshold: the amount of stimulus needed to move mm
-increase w/ use of cold
-decrease w/ use of heat
Thermotherapy contraindications/precautions: heat exhaustion/stroke or pregnancy (submersion)
hydroculator pack is more intense and micropack is less intense
Tx protocol:
-health intake (temp trauma)
-palpate area
-est. ROM for area of Tx
-record pulse (count for 6sec and multiply by 10)
-M during Tx/ apply Tx to cl.
-never leave cl. during Tx position cl. to see face
standard app for heat 10-15min
careful application to chest (heart and lungs)
precaution areas- blood vessels
Conservative with neck Tx
Systemic App.
-steam room
-sauna
-hot tub
After 20min of local app. blood stops going to area (max rush of blood)
Therapeutic physiological effects last 30min to 1 hour
Contrast Therapy
*start cold and end cold
Zone Therapy
cold at site of swelling and hot at nearest proximal lymph basin
Physiology is study of function of body
levels of organization (from simple to complex; know this in every fashion)
chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organs systems
body as a whole organism
Body systems:
protection, support, mvmt:
-integumentary (skin)
-skeletal
-mm
coordination and control:
-nervous system
-endocrine system
circulation:
-cardiovascular
-lymphatic
nutrition and fluid balance
-respiratory
-digestive
-urinary
production of offspring
-reproductive system
specialized groups of cells form tissue
metabolism:
anabolism is building phase
catabolism is break down phase
Homeostasis: body maintain balance
-fluid balance
-feedback loo[s: positive (product creates more stimulant for more produce) and negative (shuts off with end product) loop (neg is most common in body)
Directional terms - the only ones that were a little different than what we have learned is ventral for anterior and dorsa for posterior
ventral cavity - diaphragm divides thorax and abdomen cavity
Thoracic
-pericardial cavity
-pleural cavity (around lungs)
-mediastium: b/w the lungs
9 regions of the abdomen or the 4 quadrants of the abdomen
Metric system
Hydro
Primary vs. Secondary edema
mm threshold: the amount of stimulus needed to move mm
-increase w/ use of cold
-decrease w/ use of heat
Thermotherapy contraindications/precautions: heat exhaustion/stroke or pregnancy (submersion)
hydroculator pack is more intense and micropack is less intense
Tx protocol:
-health intake (temp trauma)
-palpate area
-est. ROM for area of Tx
-record pulse (count for 6sec and multiply by 10)
-M during Tx/ apply Tx to cl.
-never leave cl. during Tx position cl. to see face
standard app for heat 10-15min
careful application to chest (heart and lungs)
precaution areas- blood vessels
Conservative with neck Tx
Systemic App.
-steam room
-sauna
-hot tub
After 20min of local app. blood stops going to area (max rush of blood)
Therapeutic physiological effects last 30min to 1 hour
Contrast Therapy
*start cold and end cold
Zone Therapy
cold at site of swelling and hot at nearest proximal lymph basin
Monday, November 14, 2011
11-14-11 Monday
Swedish Massage
we have homework in the form of a handout
Comments on our log books:
-Tx goals: write which stroke you are using
-P. Suggested Tx Plan: what happens in next session
-HW: what they do and why
Body Awareness
All kinds of homework:
paragraph on clients breath and experience on working on client (this is the trade we did in class)
Due the 28th- PAPER, 1-2pages typed.
-reflect on experiences of where you are today from starting massage school (progress), this can be:
-on everyday life
-breath
-diet/life style
-habits (posture, body mechanics)
-awareness of self through mvmt experience in this class and testing of body
Due December 12th: watch video of you doing massage and write 1-2 paragraph on watching/observing yourself while you were giving a massage (this is a journal entry)
Anatomy
p.241- stapedius mm (ear)
arrector pili (skin=goose bumps)
p.242-3 synergist
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
O: sternal head- top of manubrium
clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
A: unilaterally- laterally flex head/neck same side
rotate head/neck opposite side
bilaterally- flex neck
assist elevate ribcage during inhalation
*carotid artery is deep and medial to SCM
*external jugular vein lies superficial to SCM
Scalenes (3) *brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through gap b/w anterior and middle scalene
Anterior Scalene
O: TP of c3-c6 (anterior tubercles)
I: 1st rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
flex head/neck
Middle Scalene
O: TP of c2-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 1sth rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
Posterior Scalene
O: TP c6-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 2nd rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
-scalene minimus: 40% of population has it
Masseter (strongest mm in body relative to size; mastication [chewing] possible board language)
O: Zygomatic arch
I: angle and ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (temporomandibular jt or TMJ)
may assist protraction of mandible
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (tmj)
retract TMJ
Suprahyoids (3)
Geniohyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Mylodyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Stylohyoid
O: styloid process
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Digastric
O: mastoid process (deep to SCM and splenius capitis)
I: inferior border of mandible
A: hyoid fixed- depress tmj
mandible fixed- elevate hyoid bone
retract mandible
Infrahyoids (4)
Sternohyoid
O: top of manubrium
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Sternothyroid
O: top of manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Omohyoid
O: superior boarder of scapula
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Platysma (integumentary [spelling?] mm meaning it doesn't connect to bone)
O: fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
I: base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
A: assist depress tmj
tighten fascia of neck
draw down corner of mouth
we have homework in the form of a handout
Comments on our log books:
-Tx goals: write which stroke you are using
-P. Suggested Tx Plan: what happens in next session
-HW: what they do and why
Body Awareness
All kinds of homework:
paragraph on clients breath and experience on working on client (this is the trade we did in class)
Due the 28th- PAPER, 1-2pages typed.
-reflect on experiences of where you are today from starting massage school (progress), this can be:
-on everyday life
-breath
-diet/life style
-habits (posture, body mechanics)
-awareness of self through mvmt experience in this class and testing of body
Due December 12th: watch video of you doing massage and write 1-2 paragraph on watching/observing yourself while you were giving a massage (this is a journal entry)
Anatomy
p.241- stapedius mm (ear)
arrector pili (skin=goose bumps)
p.242-3 synergist
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
O: sternal head- top of manubrium
clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
A: unilaterally- laterally flex head/neck same side
rotate head/neck opposite side
bilaterally- flex neck
assist elevate ribcage during inhalation
*carotid artery is deep and medial to SCM
*external jugular vein lies superficial to SCM
Scalenes (3) *brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through gap b/w anterior and middle scalene
Anterior Scalene
O: TP of c3-c6 (anterior tubercles)
I: 1st rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
flex head/neck
Middle Scalene
O: TP of c2-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 1sth rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
Posterior Scalene
O: TP c6-c7 (posterior tubercles)
I: 2nd rib
A: unilaterally- ribs fixed, laterally flex head/neck to same side
rotate head/neck to opposite side
bilaterally- elevate ribs during inhalation
-scalene minimus: 40% of population has it
Masseter (strongest mm in body relative to size; mastication [chewing] possible board language)
O: Zygomatic arch
I: angle and ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (temporomandibular jt or TMJ)
may assist protraction of mandible
Temporalis
O: temporal fossa and fascia
I: coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible
A: elevate mandible (tmj)
retract TMJ
Suprahyoids (3)
Geniohyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Mylodyoid
O: underside of mandible
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Stylohyoid
O: styloid process
I: hyoid bone
A: elevate hyoid and tongue
depress tmj
Digastric
O: mastoid process (deep to SCM and splenius capitis)
I: inferior border of mandible
A: hyoid fixed- depress tmj
mandible fixed- elevate hyoid bone
retract mandible
Infrahyoids (4)
Sternohyoid
O: top of manubrium
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Sternothyroid
O: top of manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Omohyoid
O: superior boarder of scapula
I: hyoid bone
A: depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Platysma (integumentary [spelling?] mm meaning it doesn't connect to bone)
O: fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
I: base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
A: assist depress tmj
tighten fascia of neck
draw down corner of mouth
Sunday, November 13, 2011
11-11-11 Friday
Topography of head, neck, and face
Temporalis
Zygomatic arch - cheek bone
condyle of mandible
nasolabial fold
masseter
corner of mouth
sternocleidomastoid - SCM
trapezius
scalenes
clavicle
glabella
nasal ala
philtrum
base of the mandible
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
jugular notch
Anterior triangle: formed by SCM, base of mandible, and trachea. Contains: hyoid bone, thyroid gland, carotid artery, submandibular gland, and styloid process of te temoral bone.
Posterior triangle: formed by SCM, clavicle, and trpezius. Contains: brachial plexus and external jugular vein (plus other structures).
22 bones in skull: 8 cranial and 14 facial
8 cranial bones:
Ethmoid (can't access)
Frontal
Occiput
Parietal (2)
Sphenoid
Temporal (2)
between cranial bones are sutures
14 facial bones:
inferior nasal concha (2)
lacrimal (2)
mandible
maxilla (2)
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer
zygomatic (2)
Temporalis
Zygomatic arch - cheek bone
condyle of mandible
nasolabial fold
masseter
corner of mouth
sternocleidomastoid - SCM
trapezius
scalenes
clavicle
glabella
nasal ala
philtrum
base of the mandible
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
jugular notch
Anterior triangle: formed by SCM, base of mandible, and trachea. Contains: hyoid bone, thyroid gland, carotid artery, submandibular gland, and styloid process of te temoral bone.
Posterior triangle: formed by SCM, clavicle, and trpezius. Contains: brachial plexus and external jugular vein (plus other structures).
22 bones in skull: 8 cranial and 14 facial
8 cranial bones:
Ethmoid (can't access)
Frontal
Occiput
Parietal (2)
Sphenoid
Temporal (2)
between cranial bones are sutures
14 facial bones:
inferior nasal concha (2)
lacrimal (2)
mandible
maxilla (2)
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer
zygomatic (2)
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
11-9-11 Wednesday
oh my god did we do anything other than anatomy today?!
Anatomy
Flexor Carpi Radialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: flex wrist (radiocarpal)
abduct radiocarpal
may assist flex elbow (humeroulnar
Palmaris Longus
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: tense the palmar fascia
flex radiocarpal
may assist to flex humeroulnar jt
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O: humeral head- common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head- posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
I: pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
A: flex radiocarpal
adduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of radius
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 finger
A: flex 2-5
flex radiocarpal
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O: anterior and medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
I: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2-5 fingers
A: flex 2-5 fingers
assist flex of radiocarpal
Pronator Teres
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
I: middle of lateral surface of radius
A: pronate forearm (radioulna jt)
assist to flex the humeroulna
Pronator Quadratus
O: medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
I: lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
A: pronate the radioulna jt
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna
I: anterior, lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
A: supinate the radioulna jt
Long mm of thumb (4)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: base of first metacarpal
A: abduct thumb
extend thumb
abduct radiocarpal
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: lbase of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalaanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
flex thumb
assist flex r/c
Short mm of thumb (4)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: abduct thumb
assist in opposition of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: superficial head- flexor retinaculum
deep head- trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
assist opposition of thumb
Opponens Pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium
I: entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
A: opposition of thumb at carpometacarpal jt
Adductor Pollicis (largest and strongest of short thumb mm)
O: capitate, second and third metacarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: adduct the thumb
assist flex thumb
Lumbricals of hand
O: surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendon
I: Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
A: extend the 2-5 fingers at the interphalangeal jt
flex 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal jt
Palmar Interossei
O: base of 1,2,4,5 metacarpals (no 3)
I: base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
A: adduct thumb, 2,4,5 fingers toward the 3rd finger
assist flex of 1,2,4,5 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist extend 1,2,4,5 at interphalangeal jt
Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent sides of all metacaarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of 2,3,4 and the extensor aponeurosis
A: abduct 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist flex 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assis extend 2,3,4 at interphalangeal jt
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface
A: abduct 5th finger
assist in opposition of 5th toward 1st
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
A: flex 5th
assist opposition
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
A: Opposition of 5th at carpometacarpal jt
Other structures:
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament - nurse maid elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament
Ulnar nerve "funny bone"
Olecranon bursa
Interosseous membrane
flexor and extensor retinaculum
radial and ulnar arteries
Anatomy
Flexor Carpi Radialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: flex wrist (radiocarpal)
abduct radiocarpal
may assist flex elbow (humeroulnar
Palmaris Longus
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
I: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
A: tense the palmar fascia
flex radiocarpal
may assist to flex humeroulnar jt
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O: humeral head- common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head- posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
I: pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
A: flex radiocarpal
adduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of radius
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5 finger
A: flex 2-5
flex radiocarpal
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O: anterior and medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
I: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2-5 fingers
A: flex 2-5 fingers
assist flex of radiocarpal
Pronator Teres
O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
I: middle of lateral surface of radius
A: pronate forearm (radioulna jt)
assist to flex the humeroulna
Pronator Quadratus
O: medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
I: lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
A: pronate the radioulna jt
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna
I: anterior, lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
A: supinate the radioulna jt
Long mm of thumb (4)
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: base of first metacarpal
A: abduct thumb
extend thumb
abduct radiocarpal
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: lbase of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalaanx of thumb
A: extend thumb
extend thumb
abduct r/c
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
flex thumb
assist flex r/c
Short mm of thumb (4)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: abduct thumb
assist in opposition of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: superficial head- flexor retinaculum
deep head- trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
assist opposition of thumb
Opponens Pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium
I: entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
A: opposition of thumb at carpometacarpal jt
Adductor Pollicis (largest and strongest of short thumb mm)
O: capitate, second and third metacarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: adduct the thumb
assist flex thumb
Lumbricals of hand
O: surfaces of flexor digitorum profundus tendon
I: Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
A: extend the 2-5 fingers at the interphalangeal jt
flex 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal jt
Palmar Interossei
O: base of 1,2,4,5 metacarpals (no 3)
I: base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
A: adduct thumb, 2,4,5 fingers toward the 3rd finger
assist flex of 1,2,4,5 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist extend 1,2,4,5 at interphalangeal jt
Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent sides of all metacaarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx of 2,3,4 and the extensor aponeurosis
A: abduct 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assist flex 2,3,4 at metacarpophalangeal jt
assis extend 2,3,4 at interphalangeal jt
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface
A: abduct 5th finger
assist in opposition of 5th toward 1st
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
A: flex 5th
assist opposition
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
A: Opposition of 5th at carpometacarpal jt
Other structures:
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament - nurse maid elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament
Ulnar nerve "funny bone"
Olecranon bursa
Interosseous membrane
flexor and extensor retinaculum
radial and ulnar arteries
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
11-7-11 Monday
Forearm, hand, and bony landmarks (p. 108)
Thenar or pollicus (meat of the thumb) area
radius pivots around the unla
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
Some Scaphoid
Lovers Lunate
Try Triquetrum
Positions Pisiform
That Trapezium
They Trapezoid
Can't Capitate
Handle Hamate
FOOSH (fall on out stretched hand)
Brachialis (deep to biceps)
O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus
I: Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
A: Flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)
Brachioradialis (only mm runs length of forearm but doesn't cross wrist jt; divides flexors and extensors)
O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: flex humeroulnar jt
assist pronate and supinate the forearm when these mvmts are resisted
Extensors of the wrist and fingers (4 of 'em)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of second metacarpal
A: extend wrist (radiocarpal jt)
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Extensor Carpi Radius Brevis
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal jt
adduct radiocarpal jt
Extensor Digitorum
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
A: extend 2-5th fingers (metacapophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
assist extend radiocarpal
*extensor tendons- lateral epicondylitis is tennis elbow (spelling is probably wrong)
Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
A: extend (weak) humeroulnar jt
Extensor Indicis
O: posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane (p.162)
I: tendon of extensor digiforum at the level of the second metacarpal
A: extend 2nd finger (metacarpophangeal)
adduct 2nd finger
may assist extend radiocarpal jt
Thenar or pollicus (meat of the thumb) area
radius pivots around the unla
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
Some Scaphoid
Lovers Lunate
Try Triquetrum
Positions Pisiform
That Trapezium
They Trapezoid
Can't Capitate
Handle Hamate
FOOSH (fall on out stretched hand)
Brachialis (deep to biceps)
O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus
I: Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
A: Flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)
Brachioradialis (only mm runs length of forearm but doesn't cross wrist jt; divides flexors and extensors)
O: proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: flex humeroulnar jt
assist pronate and supinate the forearm when these mvmts are resisted
Extensors of the wrist and fingers (4 of 'em)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
O: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of second metacarpal
A: extend wrist (radiocarpal jt)
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Extensor Carpi Radius Brevis
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal
abduct radiocarpal
assist flex humeroulnar
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extend radiocarpal jt
adduct radiocarpal jt
Extensor Digitorum
O: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
A: extend 2-5th fingers (metacapophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
assist extend radiocarpal
*extensor tendons- lateral epicondylitis is tennis elbow (spelling is probably wrong)
Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
A: extend (weak) humeroulnar jt
Extensor Indicis
O: posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane (p.162)
I: tendon of extensor digiforum at the level of the second metacarpal
A: extend 2nd finger (metacarpophangeal)
adduct 2nd finger
may assist extend radiocarpal jt
11-4-11 Friday
Anatomy with Dr. Lou
There was some nutrition review (which I feel I didn't retain)
proteins are made up of amino acids
enzymes make processes happen in body
carbs = energy
fats are for the brain, protect organ, insulate, shock absorbers, hormones
80% of cholesterol is made by the body - 20% from foods
All of these are hormones:
vit d
cortisol
estrogen
testosterone
pregnenalone
DHEA
progesterone
aldosterone
things that damage tissue:
sugars and starches
chemicals
bad fats (trans .. . )
No love
smoking
food sensitivities, allergy
indicators of damage to vessel tissue:
-CRP
-homocysteine
-fibrinogen
HDL (high density lipoprotein) fat from body to liver
LDL (low density lipoprotein) fat from liver to body
Lots of things are needed to make the body's processing of things (Omega 3, 6, ... are the examples in class) to work.
Our topic switched to symbolism and Chinese medicine - very interesting!!!!
Yin and Yang characteristics
different organs and different times of day to do things.
There was some nutrition review (which I feel I didn't retain)
proteins are made up of amino acids
enzymes make processes happen in body
carbs = energy
fats are for the brain, protect organ, insulate, shock absorbers, hormones
80% of cholesterol is made by the body - 20% from foods
All of these are hormones:
vit d
cortisol
estrogen
testosterone
pregnenalone
DHEA
progesterone
aldosterone
things that damage tissue:
sugars and starches
chemicals
bad fats (trans .. . )
No love
smoking
food sensitivities, allergy
indicators of damage to vessel tissue:
-CRP
-homocysteine
-fibrinogen
HDL (high density lipoprotein) fat from body to liver
LDL (low density lipoprotein) fat from liver to body
Lots of things are needed to make the body's processing of things (Omega 3, 6, ... are the examples in class) to work.
Our topic switched to symbolism and Chinese medicine - very interesting!!!!
Yin and Yang characteristics
different organs and different times of day to do things.
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
11-2-11 Wednesday
Anatomy
Quiz questions involved:
-3 bones of shoulder: scapula, clavical, humerus
-anatomical name of shoulder jt: glenohumeral jt
-jt the trap acts on: scapulothoracic jt
-trap fiber rotate head and neck to the opposite side: upper fibers
-origin of deltoid: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Rotator Cuff mm (SITS)
Suprapinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: abducts glenohumeral
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotate g/h
adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Teres Minor
O: upper 2/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotate g/h
Adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotate g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Rhomboids (usually referred to singularly, not major and minor, because it is hard to differentiate)
Rhomboid Major
O: SP of T2-T5
I: Medial boarder of scapula b/w spine of scapula and inferior angle
A: adduct scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
elevate scapulothoracic jt
downwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
Rhomboid minor
O: SP of C7-T1
I: upper portion of medial boarder of scapula across from spine of scapula
A: adduct scapulothoracic jt
elevate s/t
downwardly rotate s/t
Levator Scapula
O: TP C1-C4
I: medial boarder of scapula b/w superior angle and superior portion of spine of scap.
A: unilaterally
-elevate s/t
-downwardly rotate s/t
-laterally flex head and neck
-rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally
-extend head and neck
KNOW P. 242
Serratus Anterior
O: external surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
I: anterior surface of medial boarder of scapula
A: origin fixed
-abducts s/t
-upwardly rotates s/t
-depress the s/t
-hold medial boarder of scap. against rib cage
scapula fixed
-may elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Sternalis - 5% of population has it
Pectoralis major (3 segments: clavicular, sternal, and costal fibers)
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1-6 ribs
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: All fibers
-adduct g/h
-medially rotate g/h
-assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)
upper fibers (clavicular)
-flex g/h
-horizontally adduct g/h
lower fibers (costal)
-extend g/h
Pectoralis minor (deep to major and fibers are perpendicular too)
O: 3-5th ribs
I: medial surface of coracoid process
A: depress scapulothoracic jt
abduct s/t
downwardly rotate s/t
w/ scapula fixed- assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Subclavius
O: 1st rib and cartilage
I: inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle
A: depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly
elevate 1st rib (assist inhale)
stabilize sternoclavicular jt
Biceps Brachii
O: short head- coracoid process
long head- supraglenoid tubercle
I: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
A: flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)
supinate forearm (radioulnar jt)
flex glenohumeral jt
Triceps brachii (only mm on posterior arm)
O: long head- infraglenoid process
lateral head- posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
medial head- posterior surface of distal half of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
A: all heads- extend the humeroulnar jt
long head- extend g/h jt
- adduct the g/h jt
Coracobrachialis (armpit mm)
O: coracoid process
I: medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
A: flex glenohumeral jt
adduct g/h
Axilla (armpit)
-4 walls:
lateral wall= biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
posterior wall= subscapularis and latissimaus dorsi
anterior wall= pectoralis major
medial wall= rib cage and serratus anterior
-brachial artery
plexus of nerves, veins, arteries, lymphs
Quiz questions involved:
-3 bones of shoulder: scapula, clavical, humerus
-anatomical name of shoulder jt: glenohumeral jt
-jt the trap acts on: scapulothoracic jt
-trap fiber rotate head and neck to the opposite side: upper fibers
-origin of deltoid: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Rotator Cuff mm (SITS)
Suprapinatus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: abducts glenohumeral
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotate g/h
adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Teres Minor
O: upper 2/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotate g/h
Adduct g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotate g/h
stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Rhomboids (usually referred to singularly, not major and minor, because it is hard to differentiate)
Rhomboid Major
O: SP of T2-T5
I: Medial boarder of scapula b/w spine of scapula and inferior angle
A: adduct scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
elevate scapulothoracic jt
downwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
Rhomboid minor
O: SP of C7-T1
I: upper portion of medial boarder of scapula across from spine of scapula
A: adduct scapulothoracic jt
elevate s/t
downwardly rotate s/t
Levator Scapula
O: TP C1-C4
I: medial boarder of scapula b/w superior angle and superior portion of spine of scap.
A: unilaterally
-elevate s/t
-downwardly rotate s/t
-laterally flex head and neck
-rotate head and neck to same side
Bilaterally
-extend head and neck
KNOW P. 242
Serratus Anterior
O: external surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
I: anterior surface of medial boarder of scapula
A: origin fixed
-abducts s/t
-upwardly rotates s/t
-depress the s/t
-hold medial boarder of scap. against rib cage
scapula fixed
-may elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Sternalis - 5% of population has it
Pectoralis major (3 segments: clavicular, sternal, and costal fibers)
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of 1-6 ribs
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: All fibers
-adduct g/h
-medially rotate g/h
-assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)
upper fibers (clavicular)
-flex g/h
-horizontally adduct g/h
lower fibers (costal)
-extend g/h
Pectoralis minor (deep to major and fibers are perpendicular too)
O: 3-5th ribs
I: medial surface of coracoid process
A: depress scapulothoracic jt
abduct s/t
downwardly rotate s/t
w/ scapula fixed- assist elevate thorax during forced inhalation
Subclavius
O: 1st rib and cartilage
I: inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle
A: depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly
elevate 1st rib (assist inhale)
stabilize sternoclavicular jt
Biceps Brachii
O: short head- coracoid process
long head- supraglenoid tubercle
I: tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
A: flex elbow (humeroulnar jt)
supinate forearm (radioulnar jt)
flex glenohumeral jt
Triceps brachii (only mm on posterior arm)
O: long head- infraglenoid process
lateral head- posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
medial head- posterior surface of distal half of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
A: all heads- extend the humeroulnar jt
long head- extend g/h jt
- adduct the g/h jt
Coracobrachialis (armpit mm)
O: coracoid process
I: medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
A: flex glenohumeral jt
adduct g/h
Axilla (armpit)
-4 walls:
lateral wall= biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
posterior wall= subscapularis and latissimaus dorsi
anterior wall= pectoralis major
medial wall= rib cage and serratus anterior
-brachial artery
plexus of nerves, veins, arteries, lymphs
10-31-11 Monday
Anatomy
Shoulder and Arm
-Topographical Views
16 mm attach on scapula
3 bones make up the shoulder complex: clavicle, scapula, humerus
acromion of scapula
clavicle has acrominal and sternal ends
Deltoid (antagonist to itself)
O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: All fibers (anterior, middle, and posterior)- abduct glenohumeral jt
Anterior fibers- flex glenohumeral jt
medially rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally adduct glenohumeral jt
Posterior fibers- extend glenohumeral jt
laterally rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally abduct glenohumeral jt
Trapezius
O: external occipital protuberance (EOP), medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and SP of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A: upper fibers (descending)
-bilaterally- extend head and neck
-unilaterally- laterally flex head and neck to same side
rotate head and neck to opposite side (pushing)
elevate scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
middle fibers- adduct scapulothoracic jt
stabilize scapulothoracic jt
Lower fibers (ascending)
-depress scapulothoracic jt
-upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
Latissimus Dorsi (broadest mm on back
O: inferior angle of scapula, SP of last six (t7-t12) thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and posterior iliac crest.
I: intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: extend glenohumeral jt
adduct glenohumeral jt
medially rotate g/h jt
Teres Major (complete synergist to Latissimus dorsi, Lat's little helper, hand cuff position)
O: inferior angle of lower 1/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
A: extend glenohumeral
adduct g/h
medially rotate g/h
Body Awareness H.W.- read chapter 9, write about 3pts from the chapter, bring workout close, and extra credit for journaling on breathing
Shoulder and Arm
-Topographical Views
16 mm attach on scapula
3 bones make up the shoulder complex: clavicle, scapula, humerus
acromion of scapula
clavicle has acrominal and sternal ends
Deltoid (antagonist to itself)
O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: All fibers (anterior, middle, and posterior)- abduct glenohumeral jt
Anterior fibers- flex glenohumeral jt
medially rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally adduct glenohumeral jt
Posterior fibers- extend glenohumeral jt
laterally rotate glenohumeral jt
horizontally abduct glenohumeral jt
Trapezius
O: external occipital protuberance (EOP), medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and SP of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
A: upper fibers (descending)
-bilaterally- extend head and neck
-unilaterally- laterally flex head and neck to same side
rotate head and neck to opposite side (pushing)
elevate scapula (scapulothoracic jt)
upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
middle fibers- adduct scapulothoracic jt
stabilize scapulothoracic jt
Lower fibers (ascending)
-depress scapulothoracic jt
-upwardly rotate scapulothoracic jt
Latissimus Dorsi (broadest mm on back
O: inferior angle of scapula, SP of last six (t7-t12) thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and posterior iliac crest.
I: intertubercular groove of the humerus
A: extend glenohumeral jt
adduct glenohumeral jt
medially rotate g/h jt
Teres Major (complete synergist to Latissimus dorsi, Lat's little helper, hand cuff position)
O: inferior angle of lower 1/3 of lateral boarder of scapula
I: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
A: extend glenohumeral
adduct g/h
medially rotate g/h
Body Awareness H.W.- read chapter 9, write about 3pts from the chapter, bring workout close, and extra credit for journaling on breathing
10-26-11
Anatomy
Intercostals (mm b/w each rib-there's an external and an internal-fibers run perpendicular to each other)
O: inferior boarder of the rib above
I: superior boarder of the rib below
A: external- draws ribs superiorly (increase space and assist inhalation)
Internal- draw ribs inferiorly (decrease space assist exhale)
Serratus Posterior Superior
O: SP of C7-T3
I: posterior surface of 2-5th ribs
A: elevate ribs during inhalation
Serratus Posterior Inferior
O: SP of T12-L3
I: Posterior surface 9-12th ribs
A: depress ribs during exhalation
Intertransversarii
O and I:
cervical- spanning the TP of vertebrae C2-C7
lumbar- spanning TP L1-L5
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebrae column to same side
bilaterally- extend column
Interspinalis (deep to ligament)
O and I:
cervical- SP of C2-T3
lumbar- SP of T12-L5
A: extend vertebrae column
Ligamentum nuchae it spans external occipital protuberance to C7, it's fin like, an antigravity device
Supraspinous ligament- in thoracic and lumbar area
Abdominal aorta- deep to small intestine, lies on anterior surface of vert., 1" diameter.
Intercostals (mm b/w each rib-there's an external and an internal-fibers run perpendicular to each other)
O: inferior boarder of the rib above
I: superior boarder of the rib below
A: external- draws ribs superiorly (increase space and assist inhalation)
Internal- draw ribs inferiorly (decrease space assist exhale)
Serratus Posterior Superior
O: SP of C7-T3
I: posterior surface of 2-5th ribs
A: elevate ribs during inhalation
Serratus Posterior Inferior
O: SP of T12-L3
I: Posterior surface 9-12th ribs
A: depress ribs during exhalation
Intertransversarii
O and I:
cervical- spanning the TP of vertebrae C2-C7
lumbar- spanning TP L1-L5
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebrae column to same side
bilaterally- extend column
Interspinalis (deep to ligament)
O and I:
cervical- SP of C2-T3
lumbar- SP of T12-L5
A: extend vertebrae column
Ligamentum nuchae it spans external occipital protuberance to C7, it's fin like, an antigravity device
Supraspinous ligament- in thoracic and lumbar area
Abdominal aorta- deep to small intestine, lies on anterior surface of vert., 1" diameter.
Monday, October 24, 2011
10-24-11 Monday
Swedish
sooooo we have 2 quizzes next class and the belly project as been assigned. Anyway, here's the sequence that was on the board:
1. apply oil and bilat. tree
2. shingles eff.
3. facing head, circle eff.
4. a)circle friction on paraspinals
b)optional pet.
5. knuckle friction between scapula
6. mobilize scapula
7. knead upper traps
8. eff. to traps with fist
9. direct thumb press along traps
10. pet. to whole back
(transfer to LB)
11. circle friction along paraspinals
12. thumb stripping to paraspinals into QL's
13. lift sides of waist and come down medial and inferior, with deep eff.
14. finishing strokes- eff, rake, nerve
Body Awareness
We did trades.
Homework: journal on giving experience and observing/receiving (the whole experience I think). Also read chapter 7 and be prepared to answer questions on the chapter.
Anatomy
Quadratus Lumborum (deepest of the abdomen, not the back, but splits the two)
O: posterior iliac crest
I: last rib (12th) and transverse processes of 1-4 lumbar vertebrae
A: unilat.- laterally tilt (elevate or hike the hip) pelvis
- laterally flex vertebral column to same side
- assist extend vert. column
bilat. fix last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Abdominals (4)
Rectus Abdominis
O: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: cartilage 5-7th ribs and xiphoid process
A: flex vert column
tilt pelvis posterior (tuck tail bone)
External Oblique
O: external surface of 5-12 rib.
I: anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: unilat- laterally flex vert column to same side
- rotate vert column to opposite side
bilat- flex vert column
- compress abdominal contents
Internal Oblique
O: lateral inguinal lig., iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
I: internal surface of lower 3 ribs (10-12), abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: unilat- laterally flex vert column to same side
- rotate vert column
bilat- flex vert column
- compress abdominal content
Transverse Abdominis
O: lateral inguinal lig., iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surface of lower 6 ribs (7-12).
I: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: compress abdominal contents
Pyramidalis (80% of people have it)
O: pubic symphysis
I: linea alba
A: tense linea alba
Diaphragm
O: costal attachment- inner surface of lower six ribs
lumbar attachment- upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
sternal attachment- inner part of xiphoid process
I: central tendon
A: draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
-relaxed it is umbrella shape
-flat when pulling in air (drum head like when lungs are full of air)
-separates upper and lower thoracic cavity
sooooo we have 2 quizzes next class and the belly project as been assigned. Anyway, here's the sequence that was on the board:
1. apply oil and bilat. tree
2. shingles eff.
3. facing head, circle eff.
4. a)circle friction on paraspinals
b)optional pet.
5. knuckle friction between scapula
6. mobilize scapula
7. knead upper traps
8. eff. to traps with fist
9. direct thumb press along traps
10. pet. to whole back
(transfer to LB)
11. circle friction along paraspinals
12. thumb stripping to paraspinals into QL's
13. lift sides of waist and come down medial and inferior, with deep eff.
14. finishing strokes- eff, rake, nerve
Body Awareness
We did trades.
Homework: journal on giving experience and observing/receiving (the whole experience I think). Also read chapter 7 and be prepared to answer questions on the chapter.
Anatomy
Quadratus Lumborum (deepest of the abdomen, not the back, but splits the two)
O: posterior iliac crest
I: last rib (12th) and transverse processes of 1-4 lumbar vertebrae
A: unilat.- laterally tilt (elevate or hike the hip) pelvis
- laterally flex vertebral column to same side
- assist extend vert. column
bilat. fix last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Abdominals (4)
Rectus Abdominis
O: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: cartilage 5-7th ribs and xiphoid process
A: flex vert column
tilt pelvis posterior (tuck tail bone)
External Oblique
O: external surface of 5-12 rib.
I: anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: unilat- laterally flex vert column to same side
- rotate vert column to opposite side
bilat- flex vert column
- compress abdominal contents
Internal Oblique
O: lateral inguinal lig., iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
I: internal surface of lower 3 ribs (10-12), abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: unilat- laterally flex vert column to same side
- rotate vert column
bilat- flex vert column
- compress abdominal content
Transverse Abdominis
O: lateral inguinal lig., iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surface of lower 6 ribs (7-12).
I: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: compress abdominal contents
Pyramidalis (80% of people have it)
O: pubic symphysis
I: linea alba
A: tense linea alba
Diaphragm
O: costal attachment- inner surface of lower six ribs
lumbar attachment- upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
sternal attachment- inner part of xiphoid process
I: central tendon
A: draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm
increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
-relaxed it is umbrella shape
-flat when pulling in air (drum head like when lungs are full of air)
-separates upper and lower thoracic cavity
10-21-11 Friday
Anatomy
Erector Spinae Group
Spinalis
O: -spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
-ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of c7
I: -spinous processes of upper thoracic
-spinous processes of cervicals, except c1 (it doesn't have a spinous process)
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
bilaterally- extend the vertebral column
Longissimus
O: -common tendon
-transverse processes of uper 5 throacic vertebrae
I: -lower 9 ribs and transverse processes
-transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
bilaterally- extend the vertebral column
Iliocostalis
O: -common tendon
-posterior surface of ribs 1-2
I: -transvers processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3
-posterior surface of ribs 1-6
-transverse processes of lower cervicals
Transversopinalis group
Multifidi
O: sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (spanning 2 to 4 vertebrae)
A: unilat.- rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
bilat- extend the vertebral column
Rotatores
O: Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (spanning 1 to 2 vertebrae)
A: unilat- rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
bilat- extend the vertebral column
Semispinalis Capitis
O: transverse processes of c4 to t5
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
A: extend the vertebral column and head
Splenius Capitis
O: inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of c7 to t4
I: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
A: unilat.- rotate the head and neck to the same side
- laterally flex the head and neck
bilat.- extend the head and neck
Splenius Cervicis
O: spinous processes of t3 to t6
I: transverse processes of c1 to c3
A: unilat.- rotate the head and neck to the same side
- laterally flex the head and neck
bilat.- extend the head and neck
Suboccipitals
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O: spinous process of axis (c2)
I: inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
rotate head same side
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O: tubercle of posterior arch of atlas (c1)
I: inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
Oblique Capitis Superior
O: transverse process of atlas (c1)
I: between nuchal lines of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
laterally flex head same side
Oblique Capitis Inferior
O: spinous process of c2
I: transverse process c1
A: rotate head same side
Erector Spinae Group
Spinalis
O: -spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
-ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of c7
I: -spinous processes of upper thoracic
-spinous processes of cervicals, except c1 (it doesn't have a spinous process)
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
bilaterally- extend the vertebral column
Longissimus
O: -common tendon
-transverse processes of uper 5 throacic vertebrae
I: -lower 9 ribs and transverse processes
-transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone
A: unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
bilaterally- extend the vertebral column
Iliocostalis
O: -common tendon
-posterior surface of ribs 1-2
I: -transvers processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3
-posterior surface of ribs 1-6
-transverse processes of lower cervicals
Transversopinalis group
Multifidi
O: sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (spanning 2 to 4 vertebrae)
A: unilat.- rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
bilat- extend the vertebral column
Rotatores
O: Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (spanning 1 to 2 vertebrae)
A: unilat- rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
bilat- extend the vertebral column
Semispinalis Capitis
O: transverse processes of c4 to t5
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
A: extend the vertebral column and head
Splenius Capitis
O: inferior one-half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of c7 to t4
I: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
A: unilat.- rotate the head and neck to the same side
- laterally flex the head and neck
bilat.- extend the head and neck
Splenius Cervicis
O: spinous processes of t3 to t6
I: transverse processes of c1 to c3
A: unilat.- rotate the head and neck to the same side
- laterally flex the head and neck
bilat.- extend the head and neck
Suboccipitals
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O: spinous process of axis (c2)
I: inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
rotate head same side
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O: tubercle of posterior arch of atlas (c1)
I: inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
Oblique Capitis Superior
O: transverse process of atlas (c1)
I: between nuchal lines of occiput
A: rock and tilt head back into extension
laterally flex head same side
Oblique Capitis Inferior
O: spinous process of c2
I: transverse process c1
A: rotate head same side
10-19-11 Wednesday
Last day of nutrition :(
our food matters!
there are many different things we can do for our health just by eating better/right.
"let medicine by thy food and food thy medicine"
The class was once again filled with great info!
Psychology
Our homework involves text book reading, handout reading (and bring an idea from one of those readings). Also, journal on active listening and how it could be useful in the massage room.
Anatomy
The foot! (2x pressure when walking and 4x when running)
3 arches- lateral longitudinal, medial longitudinal, and transverse
Know muscle action and location over O and I
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: 2-4 toes via extensor digitorum longus tendon
A: extend 2-4 toes
Flexor digitorum Brevis
O: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: middle phalanges 2-5 toes
A: flex 2-5
Abductor Hallicus
O: medial process calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis
I: proximal phalanx of 1 toe and sesamoid bone
A: abduct 1 toe
assist flex 1 toe
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: lateral process of calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis
I: proximal phalanx of 5 toe
A: flex 5 toe
assist abduct 5 toe
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
O: dorsal surface calcaneous
I: proximal phalanx 1 toe
A: extend 1 toe
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
O: Plantar cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: Medial and lateral surface base of proximal phalanx
A: Flex 1 toe
Adductor Hallucis
O: oblique head- bases of 2-4 metatarsals
transverse head- plantar lig. of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joint
I: lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of 1 toe
A: adduct 1 toe
assist to maintain transverse arch
assist flex 1 toe
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base proximal phalanx of 5th
A: flex 5th toe
Quadratus Plantae
O: medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Posterior lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
A: assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2-5
Plantar Interossei
O: medial surface of 3-5 metatarsals
I: medial surface of proximal phalanges of 3-5
A: adduct 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joints
flex 3-5
Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
I: first- medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
second through fourth- lateral surface of proximal phalanges 2-4
A: abduct 2-4
flex 2-4
Lumbricals of foot
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: bases of prox. phalanges of 2-5 and extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of toes)
A: flex prox. phalanges 2-5 at metatarsophalangeal toes
extend middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 at interphalangeal joints
Other structures of the Knee and Leg:
ACL
PCL (these two cross)
Unhappy Triad: ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
4 bursae of the knee
most often sprain of the ankle- lateral collateral lig.
Deltoid lig (means 3 but our book names 4 different ones that get called one! whatever that means)
Posterior tibial artery
Plantar Aponeurosis
Dorsalis pedis artery
sesamoid bone
calcaneal burse
retrocalcaneal burse
The Back!
24 bones in vertebral column
-7 cervical (means neck)
-12 thorax (thoracic)
-5 lumbar
and sacrum and coccyx, but not in the 24 count
cervical spine is most mobile and most accessible
thoracic articulate with ribs (includes sternum, rib- costalcartilage)
lumbar supports weight of upper body
ribs 1-7 known as true ribs- attach directly to sternum via costal cart.
ribs 8-12 are false ribs- indirectly through costalcart.
11-12 are floating
C1 and C2 allow rotation of head
c1 has no spinous process. It is know as the ATLAS.
c2 is called AXIS. Know what the odontoid process or dens is!
cervical spine has foramen in transverse process
Sternum has 3 parts
-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process
(angle of louis) not sure exactly where, I think between manubrium and body
KNOW PAGE 174
lordosis curve
kyphosis curve
our food matters!
there are many different things we can do for our health just by eating better/right.
"let medicine by thy food and food thy medicine"
The class was once again filled with great info!
Psychology
Our homework involves text book reading, handout reading (and bring an idea from one of those readings). Also, journal on active listening and how it could be useful in the massage room.
Anatomy
The foot! (2x pressure when walking and 4x when running)
3 arches- lateral longitudinal, medial longitudinal, and transverse
Know muscle action and location over O and I
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: 2-4 toes via extensor digitorum longus tendon
A: extend 2-4 toes
Flexor digitorum Brevis
O: medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I: middle phalanges 2-5 toes
A: flex 2-5
Abductor Hallicus
O: medial process calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis
I: proximal phalanx of 1 toe and sesamoid bone
A: abduct 1 toe
assist flex 1 toe
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: lateral process of calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis
I: proximal phalanx of 5 toe
A: flex 5 toe
assist abduct 5 toe
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
O: dorsal surface calcaneous
I: proximal phalanx 1 toe
A: extend 1 toe
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
O: Plantar cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: Medial and lateral surface base of proximal phalanx
A: Flex 1 toe
Adductor Hallucis
O: oblique head- bases of 2-4 metatarsals
transverse head- plantar lig. of 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joint
I: lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of 1 toe
A: adduct 1 toe
assist to maintain transverse arch
assist flex 1 toe
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base proximal phalanx of 5th
A: flex 5th toe
Quadratus Plantae
O: medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Posterior lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
A: assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2-5
Plantar Interossei
O: medial surface of 3-5 metatarsals
I: medial surface of proximal phalanges of 3-5
A: adduct 3-5 metatarsophalangeal joints
flex 3-5
Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
I: first- medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
second through fourth- lateral surface of proximal phalanges 2-4
A: abduct 2-4
flex 2-4
Lumbricals of foot
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: bases of prox. phalanges of 2-5 and extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of toes)
A: flex prox. phalanges 2-5 at metatarsophalangeal toes
extend middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 at interphalangeal joints
Other structures of the Knee and Leg:
ACL
PCL (these two cross)
Unhappy Triad: ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
4 bursae of the knee
most often sprain of the ankle- lateral collateral lig.
Deltoid lig (means 3 but our book names 4 different ones that get called one! whatever that means)
Posterior tibial artery
Plantar Aponeurosis
Dorsalis pedis artery
sesamoid bone
calcaneal burse
retrocalcaneal burse
The Back!
24 bones in vertebral column
-7 cervical (means neck)
-12 thorax (thoracic)
-5 lumbar
and sacrum and coccyx, but not in the 24 count
cervical spine is most mobile and most accessible
thoracic articulate with ribs (includes sternum, rib- costalcartilage)
lumbar supports weight of upper body
ribs 1-7 known as true ribs- attach directly to sternum via costal cart.
ribs 8-12 are false ribs- indirectly through costalcart.
11-12 are floating
C1 and C2 allow rotation of head
c1 has no spinous process. It is know as the ATLAS.
c2 is called AXIS. Know what the odontoid process or dens is!
cervical spine has foramen in transverse process
Sternum has 3 parts
-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process
(angle of louis) not sure exactly where, I think between manubrium and body
KNOW PAGE 174
lordosis curve
kyphosis curve
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
10-17-11 Monday
Swedish
For friday: bring muscle homework sheet
be ready for a quiz on Contraindications, physiological effects of friction, SOAP, and a vibration question
Mid term will have 3 sections-
1-massage theory:
BOL sequence
strokes and their definitions, variations, physiological effects, purpose
ethics
SOAP
physiological effects of massage page
reading
2-pahtology
contraindications page
3-anatomy
planes, bony landmarks, etc...
Body Awareness
yoga was awesome!
risk factors of MSD
personal-heredity
physical
emotional
in/out of work force
Next week bring sheets, oils. We are doing a massage trade
Anatomy!
p.344 Topographical view
-popliteal fossa
-calcaneal tendon
-lateral/medial malleolus
-bottom of fool
bones and joints
1st digit is thumb or big toe
5th digit is the smallest
hallucis is the big toe
medial cuneiform
middle cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
26 bones in the foot
sesamoid bones (floatin bones) under hallucis
Gastrocnemius
O: condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: flex tibiofemoral jt
plantar flex talocrural jt (ankle)
Soleus - ("second heart" and deep to gastrocnemius)
O: soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flex talocrural jt
Plantaris - (longest tendon in body)
O: lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: weak plantar flexion of talocrural jt
weak flexion of tibiofemoral jt
Popliteus - (deepest muscle of posterior knee)
O: lateral condyle of the femur
I: proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
A: medially rotates flexed tibiofemoral jt
flex tibiofemoral jt
Peroneus Longus (fibularis longus)
O: head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: base of the fist metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
assist to plantar flex talocrural jt
Peroneus Brevis (fibularis brevis)
O: distal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
A: evert foot
assist to plantar flex talocrural jt
Tibialis Anterior
O: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
A: invert the foot
dorsiflex the talocrural jt
Extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
A: extend the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
dorsiflex talocrural jt
evert foot
Extensor hallucis longus
O: middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of first toe
A: extend first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
dorsiflex talocrural jt
invert foot
Tibialis Posterior
O: proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
I: all five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals
A: invert the foot
plantar flex talocrural jt
Flexor digitorum longus
O: middle, posterior surface of tibia
I: distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
A: flex the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts)
weak plantar flexion of talocrural
invert foot
Flexor hallucis longus
O: middle half of posterior fibula
I: distal phalanx of first toe
A: flex the first toe (meatatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts)
weak plantar flexion of talocrural
invert foot
for Wednesday: muscles of the foot and structure of the knee
For friday: bring muscle homework sheet
be ready for a quiz on Contraindications, physiological effects of friction, SOAP, and a vibration question
Mid term will have 3 sections-
1-massage theory:
BOL sequence
strokes and their definitions, variations, physiological effects, purpose
ethics
SOAP
physiological effects of massage page
reading
2-pahtology
contraindications page
3-anatomy
planes, bony landmarks, etc...
Body Awareness
yoga was awesome!
risk factors of MSD
personal-heredity
physical
emotional
in/out of work force
Next week bring sheets, oils. We are doing a massage trade
Anatomy!
p.344 Topographical view
-popliteal fossa
-calcaneal tendon
-lateral/medial malleolus
-bottom of fool
bones and joints
1st digit is thumb or big toe
5th digit is the smallest
hallucis is the big toe
medial cuneiform
middle cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
26 bones in the foot
sesamoid bones (floatin bones) under hallucis
Gastrocnemius
O: condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: flex tibiofemoral jt
plantar flex talocrural jt (ankle)
Soleus - ("second heart" and deep to gastrocnemius)
O: soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flex talocrural jt
Plantaris - (longest tendon in body)
O: lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: weak plantar flexion of talocrural jt
weak flexion of tibiofemoral jt
Popliteus - (deepest muscle of posterior knee)
O: lateral condyle of the femur
I: proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
A: medially rotates flexed tibiofemoral jt
flex tibiofemoral jt
Peroneus Longus (fibularis longus)
O: head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: base of the fist metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: evert foot
assist to plantar flex talocrural jt
Peroneus Brevis (fibularis brevis)
O: distal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
A: evert foot
assist to plantar flex talocrural jt
Tibialis Anterior
O: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
A: invert the foot
dorsiflex the talocrural jt
Extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
A: extend the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
dorsiflex talocrural jt
evert foot
Extensor hallucis longus
O: middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of first toe
A: extend first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jt)
dorsiflex talocrural jt
invert foot
Tibialis Posterior
O: proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
I: all five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals
A: invert the foot
plantar flex talocrural jt
Flexor digitorum longus
O: middle, posterior surface of tibia
I: distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
A: flex the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts)
weak plantar flexion of talocrural
invert foot
Flexor hallucis longus
O: middle half of posterior fibula
I: distal phalanx of first toe
A: flex the first toe (meatatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal jts)
weak plantar flexion of talocrural
invert foot
for Wednesday: muscles of the foot and structure of the knee
Tuesday, October 11, 2011
10-10-11 Monday
Swedish
Overall we went over some of the pregnancy massage contraindications and added vibration and some gymnastics. Next class is tapotment and sequences. Quiz?
Body Awareness
You can get extra credit if you write a paragraph on another day of watching your breath for a day.
Next class be prepared for yoga!!!
Anatomy
Again, Friday is the test!
Finishing off the Lateral Rotators of the Coxal (deep 6)
Obturator Internus
O: obturator membrane and inferior surface of oturator foramen
I: medial surface of greater torchanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Obturator Externus
O: Rami (plural of ramus) of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: laterally rotate coxal
Gemellus Superior
O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Gemellus Inferior
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Iliopsoas group
Psoas Major
O: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter
A: origin fixed-
Flex coxal
laterally rotate coxal (may)
insertion fixed-
flex trunk toward the thigh
tilt pelvis 'anteriorly' as in tucking tail in
unilaterally-
assist to laterally flex lumbar spine
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: origin fixed-
flex coxal
laterally rotate coxal (may)
insertion fixed-
flex trunk toward thigh
tilt pelvis 'anteriorly' as in tucking tail in
Psoas Minor (only 40% of people have this muscle)
O: body and transverse process of first lumbar vertebrae
I: superior ramus of pubis
A: assist to create lordotic curvature in lumbar spine
tilt pelvis
Other structures of the pelvis and thigh
femoral triangle:
inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
know its boarders and what is in it.
Visualize the ligaments, texture and fiber, and where they are- the names tell a lot.
p.342 trochateric bursa
normal vs. common.
Overall we went over some of the pregnancy massage contraindications and added vibration and some gymnastics. Next class is tapotment and sequences. Quiz?
Body Awareness
You can get extra credit if you write a paragraph on another day of watching your breath for a day.
Next class be prepared for yoga!!!
Anatomy
Again, Friday is the test!
Finishing off the Lateral Rotators of the Coxal (deep 6)
Obturator Internus
O: obturator membrane and inferior surface of oturator foramen
I: medial surface of greater torchanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Obturator Externus
O: Rami (plural of ramus) of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: laterally rotate coxal
Gemellus Superior
O: ischial spine
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Gemellus Inferior
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
Iliopsoas group
Psoas Major
O: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter
A: origin fixed-
Flex coxal
laterally rotate coxal (may)
insertion fixed-
flex trunk toward the thigh
tilt pelvis 'anteriorly' as in tucking tail in
unilaterally-
assist to laterally flex lumbar spine
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: origin fixed-
flex coxal
laterally rotate coxal (may)
insertion fixed-
flex trunk toward thigh
tilt pelvis 'anteriorly' as in tucking tail in
Psoas Minor (only 40% of people have this muscle)
O: body and transverse process of first lumbar vertebrae
I: superior ramus of pubis
A: assist to create lordotic curvature in lumbar spine
tilt pelvis
Other structures of the pelvis and thigh
femoral triangle:
inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
know its boarders and what is in it.
Visualize the ligaments, texture and fiber, and where they are- the names tell a lot.
p.342 trochateric bursa
normal vs. common.
Sunday, October 9, 2011
10-7-11 Friday
Swedish
Besides the give 4 and receive 1 we need to do the contraindication and skeleton worksheet.
Additional reading- Pregnancy p.454-9
We will have a quiz on petrissage
CAM
Our experience paper is due next class (which is our last CAM class)
Anatomy!!!!
(if you can't tell, this class has the majority of my attention)
Our next test is Friday
Adductor group (5 muscles)
Adductor magnus
O: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
I: medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
posterior fibers - extend coxal
Adductor Longus
O: pubic tubercle
I: medial lip of linea aspera
A adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Adductor Brevis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
A: adduct the coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Pectineus
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Gracilis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
flex tibiofemoral joint
medially rotate flexed T/F joint
3 muscle groups cover the four sides of the leg:
quadriceps femoris: anterior and lateral
hamstring: posterior
adductors: medial
Muscles without a group
Tensor Fasciae latae (TFL)
O: iliac crest, posterior ASIS
I: iliotibial tract (IT Band)
A: flex coxal
medially rotate coxal
abduct coxal
Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)-info is on p.324 and even though it doesn't have an O,I,A because it isn't a muscle, we kind of gave it one in class so here's what we went with:
O: tensor fasiciae latae and gluteal fascia
I: tibial tubercle (lateral tibia)
A: stabilize coxal and tibiofemoral joint
Sartorius
O: anterior ASIS
I: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
A: flex coxal joint
laterally rotate coxal joint
abduct coxal joint
flex tibiofemoral joint
medially rotate flexed tibiofemoral joint
NOTE- for class know the 3 muscles that attach to the pes anserinus, and the tendons of the posterior knee (p.327) sartorius, gracilis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris, iliotibial tract.
Lateral rotators of the hip (The deep six)
Piriformis (typically the only one on top of the sciatic nerve; not palpable)
O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: superior aspect of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
abduct coxal when flexed
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of iscial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanter
A: laterally rotate the coxal
more to come on the lateral rotators of the hip
Besides the give 4 and receive 1 we need to do the contraindication and skeleton worksheet.
Additional reading- Pregnancy p.454-9
We will have a quiz on petrissage
CAM
Our experience paper is due next class (which is our last CAM class)
Anatomy!!!!
(if you can't tell, this class has the majority of my attention)
Our next test is Friday
Adductor group (5 muscles)
Adductor magnus
O: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
I: medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
posterior fibers - extend coxal
Adductor Longus
O: pubic tubercle
I: medial lip of linea aspera
A adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Adductor Brevis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
A: adduct the coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Pectineus
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
assist to flex coxal
Gracilis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
A: adduct coxal
medially rotate coxal
flex tibiofemoral joint
medially rotate flexed T/F joint
3 muscle groups cover the four sides of the leg:
quadriceps femoris: anterior and lateral
hamstring: posterior
adductors: medial
Muscles without a group
Tensor Fasciae latae (TFL)
O: iliac crest, posterior ASIS
I: iliotibial tract (IT Band)
A: flex coxal
medially rotate coxal
abduct coxal
Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)-info is on p.324 and even though it doesn't have an O,I,A because it isn't a muscle, we kind of gave it one in class so here's what we went with:
O: tensor fasiciae latae and gluteal fascia
I: tibial tubercle (lateral tibia)
A: stabilize coxal and tibiofemoral joint
Sartorius
O: anterior ASIS
I: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
A: flex coxal joint
laterally rotate coxal joint
abduct coxal joint
flex tibiofemoral joint
medially rotate flexed tibiofemoral joint
NOTE- for class know the 3 muscles that attach to the pes anserinus, and the tendons of the posterior knee (p.327) sartorius, gracilis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris, iliotibial tract.
Lateral rotators of the hip (The deep six)
Piriformis (typically the only one on top of the sciatic nerve; not palpable)
O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: superior aspect of greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate coxal
abduct coxal when flexed
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of iscial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanter
A: laterally rotate the coxal
more to come on the lateral rotators of the hip
Thursday, October 6, 2011
10-5-11 Wednesday
Nutrition
Fat (lipid) is NOT bad
fat=solid (crisco, butter, lard)
oil=liquid (corn oil, olive oil, etc.)
High energy- 9cal/gram (fat has double the calories of carbs)
Body needs fat! It:
makes hormones
stored energy
insulates body/organs; cushions
meylin (covers most nerves)
gives shape to body
shock absorber (esp. for organs
Types of Fat:
1- triglycerides: basically stored energy. You have to consume these and this is the one that matters for heart disease, not cholesterol.
2- phospholipids: transports hormones and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
3- Sterols: fat plus alcohol
-HDL, LDL, VLDL (high/low/very low density lipoproteins) HDL is the good one
4- Fatty acids or EFA (essential fatty acids)
-Omega 3 (source is important and it is unsaturated), 6 and 9- we get from diet
-Saturated and unsaturated
Mark McAfee: The Truth About Raw Milk
Psychology
Cathy's group (although I think we all do similar stuff)
Homework: Journal on the class experience (life raft, ennogram, ...), do an enneagram test on the internet, and try and read the 5 handouts
Anatomy
All of this is in Trail Guide p 306-315 (give or take a few)
Quadriceps Femoris Group
Rectus Femoris
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament
A: coxal-flexes
tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Lateralis
O: lateral side of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: Tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Medialis
O: Medial lip of linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: Tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Intermedius
O: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: tibiofemoral jt extends
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
O: long head- ischial tuberosity
short head- lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibia
A: Flex tibiofemoral jt
laterally rotate flexed T/F
long head- extend coxal jt
- assist lateral rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posterior
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon (goose foot)
A: flex tibiofemoral jt
medially rotate flexed T/F
extend coxal jt
assist medially rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posteriorly
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
A: flex tibiofemoral jt.
medially rotate flexed T/F
extend coxal jt
assist medially rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posteriorly
Gluteals
Gluteus Maximus
O: coccyx
edge of sacrum
posterior iliac crest
sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
I: upper fibers - iliotibial tract
lower fibers - gluteal tuberosity
A: All fibers
-extend coxal joint
-laterally rotate coxal jt
-abduct coxal jt
lower fibers- adduct coxal jt
Gluteus Medius
O: gluteal surface of ilium b/w posterior and anterior gluteal lines (just below iliac crest)
I: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
A: All fibers- abduct coxal jt
Anterior fibers
- flex coxal jt
- medially rotate coxal jt
Posterior fibers
- extend coxal jt
- laterally rotate coxal jt
Gluteus Minimus
O: Gluteal surface of the ilium b/w anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior of greater trochanter
A: Abduct coxal jt
medially rotate coxal jt
flex coxal jt
Fat (lipid) is NOT bad
fat=solid (crisco, butter, lard)
oil=liquid (corn oil, olive oil, etc.)
High energy- 9cal/gram (fat has double the calories of carbs)
Body needs fat! It:
makes hormones
stored energy
insulates body/organs; cushions
meylin (covers most nerves)
gives shape to body
shock absorber (esp. for organs
Types of Fat:
1- triglycerides: basically stored energy. You have to consume these and this is the one that matters for heart disease, not cholesterol.
2- phospholipids: transports hormones and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
3- Sterols: fat plus alcohol
-HDL, LDL, VLDL (high/low/very low density lipoproteins) HDL is the good one
4- Fatty acids or EFA (essential fatty acids)
-Omega 3 (source is important and it is unsaturated), 6 and 9- we get from diet
-Saturated and unsaturated
Mark McAfee: The Truth About Raw Milk
Psychology
Cathy's group (although I think we all do similar stuff)
Homework: Journal on the class experience (life raft, ennogram, ...), do an enneagram test on the internet, and try and read the 5 handouts
Anatomy
All of this is in Trail Guide p 306-315 (give or take a few)
Quadriceps Femoris Group
Rectus Femoris
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament
A: coxal-flexes
tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Lateralis
O: lateral side of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: Tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Medialis
O: Medial lip of linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: Tibiofemoral jt- extends
Vastus Intermedius
O: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
A: tibiofemoral jt extends
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
O: long head- ischial tuberosity
short head- lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibia
A: Flex tibiofemoral jt
laterally rotate flexed T/F
long head- extend coxal jt
- assist lateral rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posterior
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon (goose foot)
A: flex tibiofemoral jt
medially rotate flexed T/F
extend coxal jt
assist medially rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posteriorly
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
A: flex tibiofemoral jt.
medially rotate flexed T/F
extend coxal jt
assist medially rotation of coxal jt
tilt pelvis posteriorly
Gluteals
Gluteus Maximus
O: coccyx
edge of sacrum
posterior iliac crest
sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
I: upper fibers - iliotibial tract
lower fibers - gluteal tuberosity
A: All fibers
-extend coxal joint
-laterally rotate coxal jt
-abduct coxal jt
lower fibers- adduct coxal jt
Gluteus Medius
O: gluteal surface of ilium b/w posterior and anterior gluteal lines (just below iliac crest)
I: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
A: All fibers- abduct coxal jt
Anterior fibers
- flex coxal jt
- medially rotate coxal jt
Posterior fibers
- extend coxal jt
- laterally rotate coxal jt
Gluteus Minimus
O: Gluteal surface of the ilium b/w anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior of greater trochanter
A: Abduct coxal jt
medially rotate coxal jt
flex coxal jt
Monday, October 3, 2011
10-3-11 Monday
Swedish
remember to be communicating directly
With the Health Intake interview make sure to direct things and keep away from story time that is relevant (cuts into massage time).
We received an abbreviation/shorthand guideline
Intro to Friction plus some more Effleurage and Petrissage strokes on the back
Anatomy -let the memorization begin again!
Test were handed back
Important Dates to remember:
Oct 14 - Test 2
Oct 28 - Test 3
Nov 14 - Test 4
Dec 5 or 9 - Test 5
Dec 7 - Practical
Dec 14 - Cadaver lab
Dec 16 - Final Exam
From here on out, this class will be using the Trail Guide as our only text
Chap 6 - Pelvis and Thigh
P. 276 topographical landmarks
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Inguinal ligament
Rectus femoris
Patella
Rectus Abdominis
Pubic crest
Adductors
Sartorius
Vastus medialis
Gluteus medius
Greater trochanter
Vastus lateralis
Iliotibial tract
Erector spinae group
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Gluteus maximus
Gluteal cleft
Gluteal fold
Hamstrings
Hamstring tendons
Popliteal fossa
Bones of the pelvis and thigh p.278
Pelvis is 3 bones . . . sort of:
Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip bone which is a fusion of 3 bones:
-ilium
-pubis
-ischium
Femur is longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body
Acetabulum: the fossa where the femur goes (coxal joint)
Tibial/femoral (major knee joint)
as known as a modified hinge joint - when flexed it has medial and lateral rotation
Male and female have different pelvis
know p.276-283 with regards to the names of things (YIKES!!!) and expect a quiz
Next class we'll do palpation and if you want to read ahead 306-314 is what I heard
Body Awareness
the 'core' is from ass to abs
Then we climbed some stairs and took a walk
Homework for Body Awareness includes a paragraph on thoughts/awareness of the walking experience. Also, keep track of breath for 1 day (tally makes for every time you notice it) and write a paragraph on the experience with comments.
remember to be communicating directly
With the Health Intake interview make sure to direct things and keep away from story time that is relevant (cuts into massage time).
We received an abbreviation/shorthand guideline
Intro to Friction plus some more Effleurage and Petrissage strokes on the back
Anatomy -let the memorization begin again!
Test were handed back
Important Dates to remember:
Oct 14 - Test 2
Oct 28 - Test 3
Nov 14 - Test 4
Dec 5 or 9 - Test 5
Dec 7 - Practical
Dec 14 - Cadaver lab
Dec 16 - Final Exam
From here on out, this class will be using the Trail Guide as our only text
Chap 6 - Pelvis and Thigh
P. 276 topographical landmarks
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Inguinal ligament
Rectus femoris
Patella
Rectus Abdominis
Pubic crest
Adductors
Sartorius
Vastus medialis
Gluteus medius
Greater trochanter
Vastus lateralis
Iliotibial tract
Erector spinae group
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Gluteus maximus
Gluteal cleft
Gluteal fold
Hamstrings
Hamstring tendons
Popliteal fossa
Bones of the pelvis and thigh p.278
Pelvis is 3 bones . . . sort of:
Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip bone which is a fusion of 3 bones:
-ilium
-pubis
-ischium
Femur is longest, heaviest, strongest bone in the body
Acetabulum: the fossa where the femur goes (coxal joint)
Tibial/femoral (major knee joint)
as known as a modified hinge joint - when flexed it has medial and lateral rotation
Male and female have different pelvis
know p.276-283 with regards to the names of things (YIKES!!!) and expect a quiz
Next class we'll do palpation and if you want to read ahead 306-314 is what I heard
Body Awareness
the 'core' is from ass to abs
Then we climbed some stairs and took a walk
Homework for Body Awareness includes a paragraph on thoughts/awareness of the walking experience. Also, keep track of breath for 1 day (tally makes for every time you notice it) and write a paragraph on the experience with comments.
Sunday, October 2, 2011
9-30-11 Friday
Swedish
Our quiz will be on the reading for the last week:
Hands Heal ch. 4
Tappen ch. 6 and ch. 7
Ethics of Touch ch. 2
She said the quiz will be over the main points.
We added some petrissage variations and the front of leg and upper pectoral regions too.
Anatomy
We had our test and that was it.
Survey of CAM
Due next week is the 5 local practitioners project plus the speaker synopsis.
Watched a humourous video on the town of Allopathy and their skidmarks disease.
The notes/slide were emailed to us so please see those!
Guest Speaker: Kris Hill - Clinical Herbalist and owner of Hill Botanical
A lot on the history of herbal Medicine
Plants = medicine
In forms of Tea, Capsules, Tinctures (both Singles and Formulas), Bath, Aroma Therapy.
There seriously a lot on the history, if you want all of my notes on it let me know, but the overview:
Evidence in Iraq about 60-80 thousand years about of people buried with flowers.
As civilization grew people moved and shared information and were influenced.
Albert Magnus (1200-1280 CE) and Paracelsus (1493-1541 CE) are big names.
The USA Pharmacy Soda Fountains (1870) - Coca Cola and 7up.
Why herbal medicine is useful in massage: we both use oils from the same plants, aromatic qualities
Kris Hill formulates mixtures for MT or clients.
Our quiz will be on the reading for the last week:
Hands Heal ch. 4
Tappen ch. 6 and ch. 7
Ethics of Touch ch. 2
She said the quiz will be over the main points.
We added some petrissage variations and the front of leg and upper pectoral regions too.
Anatomy
We had our test and that was it.
Survey of CAM
Due next week is the 5 local practitioners project plus the speaker synopsis.
Watched a humourous video on the town of Allopathy and their skidmarks disease.
The notes/slide were emailed to us so please see those!
Guest Speaker: Kris Hill - Clinical Herbalist and owner of Hill Botanical
A lot on the history of herbal Medicine
Plants = medicine
In forms of Tea, Capsules, Tinctures (both Singles and Formulas), Bath, Aroma Therapy.
There seriously a lot on the history, if you want all of my notes on it let me know, but the overview:
Evidence in Iraq about 60-80 thousand years about of people buried with flowers.
As civilization grew people moved and shared information and were influenced.
Albert Magnus (1200-1280 CE) and Paracelsus (1493-1541 CE) are big names.
The USA Pharmacy Soda Fountains (1870) - Coca Cola and 7up.
Why herbal medicine is useful in massage: we both use oils from the same plants, aromatic qualities
Kris Hill formulates mixtures for MT or clients.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
9-28-11 Wednesday
Nutrition
Let's see . . . we talked about Quercetin which comes from red grape skins, red apples, and other things and how it is becoming the next big synthetic thing. Also American cheese, marachino cherries (?) are one molecule away from being plastic. Velveeta isn't cheese.
Successful diets have pattern changes - calories don't matter; content matters!
Your perfect weight formula is eat real food, eat less and move more.
If mothers are having problems producing milk they can drink micro brews.
Nutritionist: concentrated study in nutrition, graduate degree in basic science courses related to nutrition.
Registered Dietician: undergrad in food nutrition or management of food programs. This is more associated with FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance).
Protein: macro and essential nutrients. I believe the process goes - eat P, digest P (into amino acids which are the basic building blocks of P), and use them to build P in areas the body needs it such as:
hair
nails
skin
muscle
build bones
RBC hemoglobin
We use more p than we eat (typically) and the body takes P from the above areas if it doesn't have enough.
Average person should get 40-50g/day or 70g/day if pregnant.
There are 22 amino acids
-9 are from animal products
-complete P comes from eggs, fish, beef, pork
-incomplete P comes from bean, rice, corn
nuts are in the middle
Carbohydrates: basic level of sugar (glucose)
3 classification:
-simple (1-2 sugar)
-complex (more than simple)
-dietary fiber
Side note- could help but feel discourage about eating habits. Even trying to do supplements that aren't synthetic, but from food process (?) is one more thing. When I cook it usually is from a box and that is a step in the positive direction for me, you can only imagine how bad it was before. This whole eating right should involve a trip to the grocery store and cooking classes.
Psychology
Again, not anything we can really say, but my groups homework involves:
Journaling- self awareness, understanding, compassion of ourselves/not judging, life, and reflecting on class for the day.
Family Genogram
Read Handouts - Attachment and Bonding Basics
- Intro to Enneagram
Anatomy
In case you haven't been paying attention, Friday is our first test. If you haven't started panicking, now is a great time to do so! :)
Kinesiology: study of the body in motion
MM Tone: normal partial contraction or partially contracted state (which is healthy and normal).
Tonus: maintaining tone.
Isotonic (concentric): the tone/tension in mm doesn't change; mm length shortens (ex. flexion of bicep with relaxed, casual mvmt without strength).
Eccentric: tone increases; mm length increases (ex. lifting something too heavy) - injuries often occur in this mvmt.
Isometric: tone increases, but mm length stays the same (ex. pushing hands together or trying to do a push up that has the push but no up).
When moving mm get labels:
Prime mover: mm major action (primary motion)
synergist (aganist): assist, help, stabilize
antagonist: always opposite prime mover
The prime mover must be relaxed for the antagonist to activate.
At this point we had an unrelated conversation about triglycerides, cholesterol, drug companies, diet/food vs. synthetic supplements, ear infections, and it's normal to have 2-3 headaches a year.
We closed with Mem p.136 - effects of aging on mm. If you don't use it you lose it.
Best of luck studying!
Let's see . . . we talked about Quercetin which comes from red grape skins, red apples, and other things and how it is becoming the next big synthetic thing. Also American cheese, marachino cherries (?) are one molecule away from being plastic. Velveeta isn't cheese.
Successful diets have pattern changes - calories don't matter; content matters!
Your perfect weight formula is eat real food, eat less and move more.
If mothers are having problems producing milk they can drink micro brews.
Nutritionist: concentrated study in nutrition, graduate degree in basic science courses related to nutrition.
Registered Dietician: undergrad in food nutrition or management of food programs. This is more associated with FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance).
Protein: macro and essential nutrients. I believe the process goes - eat P, digest P (into amino acids which are the basic building blocks of P), and use them to build P in areas the body needs it such as:
hair
nails
skin
muscle
build bones
RBC hemoglobin
We use more p than we eat (typically) and the body takes P from the above areas if it doesn't have enough.
Average person should get 40-50g/day or 70g/day if pregnant.
There are 22 amino acids
-9 are from animal products
-complete P comes from eggs, fish, beef, pork
-incomplete P comes from bean, rice, corn
nuts are in the middle
Carbohydrates: basic level of sugar (glucose)
3 classification:
-simple (1-2 sugar)
-complex (more than simple)
-dietary fiber
Side note- could help but feel discourage about eating habits. Even trying to do supplements that aren't synthetic, but from food process (?) is one more thing. When I cook it usually is from a box and that is a step in the positive direction for me, you can only imagine how bad it was before. This whole eating right should involve a trip to the grocery store and cooking classes.
Psychology
Again, not anything we can really say, but my groups homework involves:
Journaling- self awareness, understanding, compassion of ourselves/not judging, life, and reflecting on class for the day.
Family Genogram
Read Handouts - Attachment and Bonding Basics
- Intro to Enneagram
Anatomy
In case you haven't been paying attention, Friday is our first test. If you haven't started panicking, now is a great time to do so! :)
Kinesiology: study of the body in motion
MM Tone: normal partial contraction or partially contracted state (which is healthy and normal).
Tonus: maintaining tone.
Isotonic (concentric): the tone/tension in mm doesn't change; mm length shortens (ex. flexion of bicep with relaxed, casual mvmt without strength).
Eccentric: tone increases; mm length increases (ex. lifting something too heavy) - injuries often occur in this mvmt.
Isometric: tone increases, but mm length stays the same (ex. pushing hands together or trying to do a push up that has the push but no up).
When moving mm get labels:
Prime mover: mm major action (primary motion)
synergist (aganist): assist, help, stabilize
antagonist: always opposite prime mover
The prime mover must be relaxed for the antagonist to activate.
At this point we had an unrelated conversation about triglycerides, cholesterol, drug companies, diet/food vs. synthetic supplements, ear infections, and it's normal to have 2-3 headaches a year.
We closed with Mem p.136 - effects of aging on mm. If you don't use it you lose it.
Best of luck studying!
Monday, September 26, 2011
9-26-11 Monday
Swedish
On Friday we will have a quiz!
The questions are:
-at least 5 physiological effects of massage
-at least 5 indications for massage
-4 physiological effects of effleurage
These were on two different handouts
Petrissage: gripping and lifting, stretching, squeezing, or rolling superficial tissue away from adjacent structure.
Anatomy
Friday is our first test!!!
Review bones: spongy and compact bones are the 2 types of bone.
know epiphysis (ends)
red marrow makes RBC
Fat gives marrow its color?
Bone membrane: covered on outside except at jt.
periosteum:
-has osteoblast (bone;build) in that layer and it repairs bone and aids growth. It starts to multiply as embryo to make other bones. It's in periosteum until the body stops producing them, but the body reactivates if repair is needed but takes longer to heal.
-has blood vessels
-has lymphatic vessel
-nerve fibers (injury to bone is felt because of it)
-endosteum lines medullary cavity.
ossification is the process cartilage turns to bone.
growth plate (epiphyseal plate)
Bone markings-
form jts
mm attachments
Head: rounded nob like; separated by a neck?
Process: large projection
Condyle: rounded projections-area above called epicondyle
crest: boarder or ridge
Spine: sharp projection from surface
Foramen (multiples are called foramina): hole allows vessel/nerve to pass through
Sinus: air pocket
Fossa: depression on bone surface (divot)
Meatus: short channel/passage way
Mem p.108, 111 (jt class.) 118 (type mm - chart is important for test) 90-93 (bones).
H.W.
Mem p.125-6 (types of contraction to levers and boy mechanics)
Not due, but you can work on T.G. workbook
Body Awareness
We did baseline tests
Make notes in your Journal about changes in your body.
Keep your 3 strengths and weaknesses
Pick areas for you to work, focus, write on for final paper (not really sure where this one is going)
78% of MT are injured from work.
ALSO . . . Jeffery is having a study night at his place Tuesday. Please call him for detail.
See ya Wednesday
On Friday we will have a quiz!
The questions are:
-at least 5 physiological effects of massage
-at least 5 indications for massage
-4 physiological effects of effleurage
These were on two different handouts
Petrissage: gripping and lifting, stretching, squeezing, or rolling superficial tissue away from adjacent structure.
Anatomy
Friday is our first test!!!
Review bones: spongy and compact bones are the 2 types of bone.
know epiphysis (ends)
red marrow makes RBC
Fat gives marrow its color?
Bone membrane: covered on outside except at jt.
periosteum:
-has osteoblast (bone;build) in that layer and it repairs bone and aids growth. It starts to multiply as embryo to make other bones. It's in periosteum until the body stops producing them, but the body reactivates if repair is needed but takes longer to heal.
-has blood vessels
-has lymphatic vessel
-nerve fibers (injury to bone is felt because of it)
-endosteum lines medullary cavity.
ossification is the process cartilage turns to bone.
growth plate (epiphyseal plate)
Bone markings-
form jts
mm attachments
Head: rounded nob like; separated by a neck?
Process: large projection
Condyle: rounded projections-area above called epicondyle
crest: boarder or ridge
Spine: sharp projection from surface
Foramen (multiples are called foramina): hole allows vessel/nerve to pass through
Sinus: air pocket
Fossa: depression on bone surface (divot)
Meatus: short channel/passage way
Mem p.108, 111 (jt class.) 118 (type mm - chart is important for test) 90-93 (bones).
H.W.
Mem p.125-6 (types of contraction to levers and boy mechanics)
Not due, but you can work on T.G. workbook
Body Awareness
We did baseline tests
Make notes in your Journal about changes in your body.
Keep your 3 strengths and weaknesses
Pick areas for you to work, focus, write on for final paper (not really sure where this one is going)
78% of MT are injured from work.
ALSO . . . Jeffery is having a study night at his place Tuesday. Please call him for detail.
See ya Wednesday
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